while the grains exported from Korea go almost entirely to Japan, different ports of Korea present of course different characteristics in their trade with Japan: as, for instance, at Chemulpo the Chinese merchants still enjoy a considerable share in the import trade; at Seul nearly all the export consists of gold bullion, which is almost exclusively bought by the branch of the First Bank of Japan; while at Fusan and Mokpo the Japanese monopoly of trade is almost complete. With these variations, however, the Japanese merchants control the major part of the trade of each port, and consequently of the entire trade of Korea. They also carry a large amount of foreign goods to Korea, as seen in the following table:— Japanese goods Foreign goods 1902 9,344,859 _yen_ 1,209,332 _yen_ 1901 10,410,563 961,897 1900 9,423,821 529,450[29] The shipping also is largely in the hands of the Japanese. In 1903, their share in the Korean shipping was as follows:[30]— Vessels Tonnage Korean 25 per cent. 9+ per cent. Japanese 61+ 78+ Russian 2+ 9+ Others 11+ 4– Turning to Manchuria, it is found that Japan controlled in 1902 more than 44 per cent. of the shipping tonnage,[31] besides 40 per cent. of the direct import trade and over 90 per cent. of the export trade, as is shown below:[32]— Exports (Japan) Imports (Japan) 1901 1,080,345_l._ ( 970,663_l._) 635,085_l._ (247,624_l._) 1902 1,130,429_l._ (1,041,395_l._) 695,020_l._ (280,843_l._) Average five years, 1896–99 and 1891 965,553_l._ ( 880,917_l._) 433,811_l._ (131,143_l._) at Niu-chwang, which was then the only important port in Manchuria open to foreign trade under the ordinary customs rules.[33]