Neutral zone in Korea, 309, 310 and n. 1, 325, 328 n. 2, 331, 333 n., 338, 340 n. Neutrality of Great Britain, 203; of Korea, 322 and n. 2, 355–357, 357–360, 360–362. Nicolaiefsk, 67. Nicolas (Yong-am-po), 321. Nikolsk, 234. Nishi, Baron T., on Wei-hai-Wei, 128 n. 3; the N.-Rosen Memorandum, 270 ff., 282, 294. Niu-chwang, opened, 17; trade, 16–17; N. _vs._ Dalny, 37, 39; the Russo-Chinese Bank in, 84 n. 4; railway to the Yalu, 130; seized by Russians, 144–145, 157, 158 n. 2; in Russian demands, 167, 242, 243, 244, 316; restoration promised, 224; evacuation delayed, 237–238, 334 n. 3. Northern Railway, the, 38, 39, 88, 91, 92, 113, 121 n. 2, 131, 156, 158 n. 2, 176, 192, 222–223, 303. O’Conor, Sir N., 121, 123, 124. Odessa, 38, 39 n. 1. Oil cakes, 4, 9 and n. 1, 13–14. Öm, Lady, 281, 321. “Open door,” defined, 10 and n. 1, 106, 135–138, 139, 159, 165, 202, 205, 208, 211, 297, 303, 305. Open ports in Manchuria, 243, 247, 250–251, 253, 255, 314, 317. Ōyama, Marquis I., 296, 324, 329, 337, 342. Pak Che-sun, 284–285. Pak Yong-hio, 259. Pavloff, Paul, _Chargé_ at Peking, 90, 93, 113, 120, 125, 127 n. 2, 129; Minister at Seul, compared with Hayashi, 273; desires Masampo, 274–278; regarding whaling concession, 283, telegraph, 284–285, Yong-am-po, 293; at Port Arthur, 301; against opening Yong-am-po, 321; before the Emperor, 322 n.; diplomacy, 336; leaves Korea, 356–357, 359–360, 361. Pechili. See _Chili_. Perry, Commodore M. C., 56 and n. 1. Pescadores, the, 70. Peterpavlofsk, 67. Petuna, 88. _Picul_ = 133⅓ lbs. avoirdupois. Ping-yang, 287. Plançon, 240, 242, 247 n. 1, 251, 252. Plehve, late von, 313. Pokotiloff, 301. _Pood_ = 36.112 lbs. Port Arthur, as naval port, 49, 50; its use promised, 86, 89, offered, 92; Russian war vessels at, 111; selected as naval port, 122, 123 ff.; as trade port, 39 n. 1; demand and lease, 119-126, 130, 234, 235, 237, 290; compared with Yong-am-po, 240, 320; troops to Korean border, 340, 353; new forts, 353; warships leave, 354; naval war at, 345, 346. _Porto Franco_, 117, 118. (Also see _Talien-wan_.) Ports, in Manchuria, 247, 250-251, 253, 255. Primorsk, 66. Prize of war, 356, 359, 361-362. Punishment of local officers, 179-181. Rainfall, in Japan, 6, n. 1. Railways, German in Shan-tung, 105, 109 and n. 2; Seul-Chemulpo, 24 and n. 1; Seul-Wiju, 25 and n. 1, n. 3; Seul-Fusan, 24 n. 2, n. 3; Seul-Wonsan, 25 n. 1. (Also see _Eastern Chinese Railway_, _Korea_, _Manchuria_, _Mongolia_, and _Northern Railway_.) Railway guards, 98, 230-232, 235. Rice, in Japan, crop, 3 and n. 3; consumption and importation, 4, 9, 13; in Manchuria, 12; in Korea, 28, 29. Richthofen, Fr. von, 101. Rondon, 288. Root, Elihu, 365 n. 1.