"Blackstone tells us," I replied, "that its origin was in the right of a
captor to commute the death of his captives with bondage. The laws of
war give the conqueror a right to destroy his enemies; if he sees fit to
spare their lives in consideration of their serving him, this is also
his right. Thus, we suppose, slavery gained its existence.
"True, its very nature partakes of our fallen condition; it is not a
paradisiacal institution; it is not good in itself; it is an
accompaniment of the loss which we have incurred by sin. In that light
it is proper to speak of the Most High as adapting his legislation to
the depraved condition of man; but that is no more true of slavery than
of redemption; everything in the treatment of us by the Almighty is an
exponent of our departure from our first estate."
"Now," said Mrs. North, "all this is a relief to me; for I have always
been sorely tried by remarks seemingly impugning the divine wisdom and
goodness, whenever slavery in the Bible has been under discussion."
"Please give us an outline," said Mr. North, "of the Hebrew legislation
on this subject." He handed me a Bible.
"I will try and not be tedious," said I, "and will repeat to you in few
words the principal points of the Hebrew Code, with regard to
involuntary servitude.
* * * * *
"Slavery is the first thing named in the law given at Sinai, after the
moral law and a few simple directions as to altars. This is noticeable.
In the twenty-first chapter of Exodus, and in the twenty-fifth chapter
of Leviticus, we find the Hebrew slave-code. The following is a summary
of it:--
"1. Hebrews themselves might be bought and sold by Hebrews; but for six
years only, at farthest. If the jubilee year occurred at any time during
these six years, it cut short the term of service.
"2. Hebrew paupers were an exception to this rule. They could be
retained till the year of jubilee next ensuing.
"3. Hebrew servants, married in servitude, if they went out free in the
seventh, or in the jubilee year, must go out alone, leaving their wives
which their masters had given them, and their children by these wives,
(if any,) behind them, as their masters' possession. If, however, they
chose to remain with their wives and children, the ear of the servant
was bored with an awl to the door-post, and his servitude became
perpetual.
"4. Hebrew servants might also, from love to their masters, in like
manner and by the same ceremony, become servants forever.
"5. Strangers and sojourners among the Hebrews, 'waxing rich,' were
allowed to buy Hebrews who were 'waxen poor,' and who were at liberty to
sell themselves to these sojourners or to the family of these strangers.
The jubilee year, however, terminated this servitude. The price of sale
was graduated according to the number of years previous to the jubilee
year. The kindred of the servant had the right of redeeming him, the
price being regulated in the same way.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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