_In Translations by_ E. J. W. GIBB of the Royal Asiatic Society; STANLEY LANE-POOLE, Litt.D., Professor of Arabic, Trinity College, Dublin; ARMINIUS VAMBERY, LL.D., Professor of Oriental Languages, University of Budapest; THOMAS CHENERY, M.A., Former Professor of Arabic at Oxford University; ERNEST RENAN, Former Professor of Hebrew, College of France; CLAUD FIELD, M.A.; and other authorities. _With brief Bibliographies by_ PROF. CHARLES C. TORREY, LL.D., and PROF. EDWARD H. JOHNS, Ph.D. _With an Historical Survey and Descriptions by_ PROF. CHARLES F. HORNE, PH.D. PARKE, AUSTIN, AND LIPSCOMB, INC. NEW YORK LONDON "_Let there be light._"—GENESIS 1, 3. "_There never was a false god, nor was there ever really a false religion, unless you call a child a false man._"—MAX MÜLLER. CONTENTS OF VOLUME VI LITERATURES DESCENDED FROM THE ARABIC PAGE INTRODUCTION—How the Teaching of Mohammed Spread into Many Lands and Created Many Literatures 1 MEDIEVAL ARAB LITERATURE I.—THE SUNAN, Or Holy Traditions of Mohammed (A.D. 850-890) 9 II.—EARLY HISTORY AND SCIENCE 33 Masoudi's "Golden Meadows" (A.D. 956) 37 _Legends of the Early Caliphs._ Avicenna on "Medicine" (A.D. 1020) 90 _The Chief Work of the Arabs' Chief Scientist._ Al Biruni's "Existing Monuments" (A.D. 1040) 92 _The First Effort at Scientific Study of the Past._ III.—PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION 97 Al Ghazali's "Rescuer from Error" (A.D. 1106) 102 _The Spiritual Autobiography of a Great Teacher._ Zamakhshari's "Kashshaf," or "Discoverer of Truth" (A.D. 1140) 134 _The Boldest Commentary on the Koran._ Zamakhshari's "Golden Necklaces" 138 _Mohammedan Precepts of Morality._ IV.—ROMANCE 141 The "Assemblies" of Al Hariri (A.D. 1122) 145 _The Most Renowned Piece of Pure Literature in Arabic._ V.—THE POETS OF ARABIA 203 MOORISH LITERATURE VI.—SCIENCE AND HISTORY 235 Averroes' "Philosophy" (A.D. 1195) 239 Al Maqqari's "Breath of Perfumes" (A.D. 1628) 241 VII.—LOVE POETRY OF THE SPANISH MOORS 243 TURKISH LITERATURE VIII.—LEGENDS AND POETRY 257