[126] On the way from Utch to Multan there is a river called Trimba. But I have not anywhere come upon a river called Machvara. [127] Sambal, a place in the District of Muradabad, in the northeast of India. [128] Also called Firuzpoor, in Punjab. [129] _I.e._, Khan of the Khans, like the Mirimiran of the Persians, and the Beglerbeghi of the Turks. [130] Correctly, _Kurur_, that is, 10,000,000 rupees, equivalent to about $5,000,000. [131] _Birshegal_, probably a Hindustani word. [132] In the text _Kish_, _i.e._, "winter," also "bad weather," "rainy season." Compare _Kish Kiamet_, _i.e._, "very foul weather." [133] Opinions differ as to the exact nature of the _Tughra_ (signature of Turkish rulers: more correctly, _tora_, meaning "decree"). Some say that it is merely a flourish, others hold that it is the impression of the hand. In Central Asia, Turkish monarchs used to dip their hand in blood, hence the expression _al-tamga_, "red seal." The descendants of Baber first introduced into India the use of the yellow dye, saffron. [134] Mir Ali Shir, the greatest poet of the Turks in Central Asia, was born, according to Khondemir, in the year 844 (1440) and died in H. 906 (1500). He wrote under the name of _Newai_. His compositions, which are unquestionably superior to any other East Turkish productions, enjoy to this day great popularity amongst the Turks of the interior of Asia. [135] _Afetabe_, "water-basin," and _Afetabedji_, "he who holds the water-basin"; a high court dignity in Central Asia, and later on also among the Moguls in India. The former Khans of Khokand had received the title of Afetabedji from the Sultan of Turkey. [136] Our author means by Siwas the old seat of the Osmans, but in India and in Central Asia, _Rum_ is generally understood to stand for the West, and more particularly for the Ottoman Empire. [137] As the Turks never conquered Vienna, this is a mere boast on the part of the Turkish Admiral. Possibly, in the Far East the news of the conquest of Vienna may have found credence, for the campaigns of Suleiman against Vienna fall about this time. [138] Khatib is the name of the Mollah who on Fridays says the _Khutbe_, or Friday prayer, in which the names of the Caliph and of the local ruler are inserted. [139] Mir Khosru Dehlevi (_i.e._, from Delhi), one of the greatest poets of India, born 1253, died 1324. He wrote in Persian, which language had been introduced into India with the spread of Islam.