TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}, for example XVIII^e. Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been placed at the end of the book. Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. THE SALON AND ENGLISH LETTERS [Illustration: (colophon)] THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO [Illustration: THE CONVERSAZIONE From Samuel Hoole’s _Modern Manners_ (1782)] THE SALON AND ENGLISH LETTERS CHAPTERS ON THE INTERRELATIONS OF LITERATURE AND SOCIETY IN THE AGE OF JOHNSON BY CHAUNCEY BREWSTER TINKER PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH LITERATURE IN YALE UNIVERSITY New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1915 _All rights reserved_ COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published April, 1915. Norwood Press J. S. Cushing Co.—Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. TO C. E. A. SAPIENTIS PATRIS FILIO SAPIENTIORI TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I. THE FRENCH BACKGROUND CHAPTER I PAGE INTRODUCTION 3 CHAPTER II ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SALON 16 CHAPTER III THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SALON 30 CHAPTER IV ENGLISH AUTHORS IN PARISIAN SALONS 42 PART II. THE ENGLISH SALON CHAPTER V THE EARLIER ENGLISH SALON 83 CHAPTER VI CONVERSATION PARTIES AND LITERARY ASSEMBLIES 102 CHAPTER VII THE BLUESTOCKING CLUB 123 CHAPTER VIII THE LONDON SALON 134 CHAPTER IX BLUESTOCKINGS AS AUTHORS 166 CHAPTER X MRS. MONTAGU AS A PATRON OF THE ARTS 189 CHAPTER XI