The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
savyājaiḥ çapathaiḥ priyeṇa vacasā cittānuvṛttyādhikam
vailakṣyeṇa pareṇa padapatanair vākyaiḥ sakhīnāṁ muhuḥ
pratyāsattim upāgatā na hi tathā devī rudatyā yathā
prakṣālyeva tayaiva bāṣpasalilaiḥ kopo ’panītaḥ svayam.
‘It was not so much by my false oaths of devotion, my loving words, my
coaxing, my depths of dejection, and falling at her feet, or the advice
of her friends, that the queen was appeased as that her anger was wiped
away by the cleansing water of her own bitter tears.’ Pretty, if not
appropriate, is the king’s address to the fire: [375]
virama virama vahne muñca dhūmānubandham: prakaṭayasi kim uccair
arciṣāṁ cakravālam?
virahahutabhujāhaṁ yo na dagdhaḥ priyāyāḥ: pralayadahanabhāsā tasya
kiṁ tvaṁ karoṣi?
‘Stay, stay, fire; cease thy constant smoke; why dost thou raise aloft
thy circle of flames? What canst thou avail against me, whom the fire
of severance from my beloved, fierce as the flame that shall consume
the universe, could not consume?’ There is excellent taste and
propriety in Vatsa’s address to the dead Kosala king: [376] mṛtyur api
te çlāghyo yasya çatravo ’py evaṁ puruṣakāraṁ varṇayanti. ‘Even death
for thee is glorious when even thy foes must thus depict thy manly
prowess.’ Such a phrase may reveal to us the true Harṣa himself, the
winner of many victories, and the hero of one great disaster.
The Nāgānanda strikes varied notes; there is fire and enthusiasm in the
assurances which Mitrāvasu gives the prince of the swift overthrow of
his enemy, Matan̄ga, at the hands of his faithful Siddhas, will he but
give the word: [377]
saṁsarpadbhiḥ samantāt kṛtasakalaviyanmārgayānair vimānaiḥ
kurvāṇāḥ prāvṛṣīva sthagitaravirucaḥ çyāmatāṁ vāsarasya
ete yātāç ca sadyas tava vacanam itaḥ prāpya yuddhāya siddhāḥ
siddhaṁ codvṛttaçatrukṣayabhayavinamadrājakaṁ te svarājyam.
‘With their chariots, meeting together and o’erspreading the whole
surface of the sky as they speed along, darkening the day as when the
sun’s rays are hidden in the rain, my Siddhas await but the bidding to
fare forthwith hence to the battle; but say the word and thy haughty
foe shall fall, and thy kingdom be restored to thee, while the princes
bow before thee in fear of his fate.’
Jīmūtavāhana, however, has other views of his duty: [378]
svaçarīram api parārthe yaḥ khalu dadyām ayācitaḥ kṛpayā
rājyasya kṛte sa katham prāṇivadhakrauryam anumanye?
‘Gladly, unasked, would I give my own life for another in compassion;
how then could I consent to the cruel slaughter of men merely to win a
realm?’ The saying is essential to the drama, for it leads immediately
to the determination of the prince to sacrifice himself for the Nāga.
There is dignity and force in the admonition addressed by the dying
hero to the repentant Garuḍa who begs him to command him: [379]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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