The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
‘The burden of thy bosom serves to weary thy waist; why then add the
weight of thy necklace? Thy thighs are wearied by the bearing of thy
hips; why then thy girdle of bells? Thy feet can barely carry the load
of thy thighs; why add thine anklets? When in every limb thou dost
possess such grace, why dost thou wear ornaments to thy weariness?’
Harṣa is also capable of expressing a deeper side of love, as when the
king in the Ratnāvalī [385] fancies that Vāsavadattā has been driven to
suicide by his faithlessness:
samārūḍhaprītiḥ praṇayabahumānād anudinam
vyalīkaṁ vīkṣyedaṁ kṛtam akṛtapūrvaṁ khalu mayā
priyā muñcaty adya sphuṭam asahanā jīvitam asau
prakṛṣṭasya premṇaḥ skhalitam aviṣahyaṁ hi bhavati.
‘My beloved, whose love for me waxed daily because of my affection and
respect, has seen my falsity which she has never known before, and now
assuredly she seeks to lay life aside in despair; for unendurable is a
wrong against a noble love.’
5. THE LANGUAGE AND THE METRES OF HARṢA’S DRAMAS
Harṣa’s Sanskrit is of the usual classical type, eschewing any
deviation from the beaten paths, and his Prākrits, mainly Çaurasenī
with Māhārāṣṭrī in the verses, offer nothing of special interest,
beyond evidence of his careful study of Prākrit grammar. [386]
His use of metrical forms, on the other hand, marks the tendency to
reject the simplicity of the earlier dramatists, and to insist on the
use of the more elaborate metres, which in themselves are wholly
undramatic, but give a much wider range of opportunity for the
exhibition of merits of description. Harṣa’s favourite is the
Çārdūlavikrīḍita, which occurs 23 times in the Ratnāvalī, 20 times in
the Priyadarçikā, and 30 times in the Nāgānanda; the Sragdharā takes
second place with 11, 8, and 17 occurrences. The Çloka occurs in the
Ratnāvalī (9) and the Nāgānanda (24), the frequency in the latter being
due to the more epic character of the piece; its absence from the
Priyadarçikā is marked. The Āryā occurs 9 times each in the Nāṭikās,
and 16 times in the Nāgānanda. The Priyadarçikā suggests by its content
immaturity, and its poverty in metres supports this view; it has but
seven in all, including Indravajrā, Vasantatilaka (6), Mālinī, and
Çikhariṇī. The Nāgānanda has also Çālinī and Hariṇī, in common with the
Ratnāvalī, and Drutavilambita, while the Ratnāvalī adds Puṣpitāgrā,
Pṛthvī, and Praharṣiṇī. That play has 5 Prākrit Āryās and 1 Gīti, the
other two 3 Āryās apiece, while the Ratnāvalī contains a pretty pair of
rhymed verses, each with Pādas of 12 morae.
6. MAHENDRAVIKRAMAVARMAN
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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