The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
Almost a contemporary to a day of Harṣa was Mahendravikramavarman, son
of the Pallava king Siṅhaviṣṇuvarman, and himself a king with the
styles of Avanibhājana, Guṇabhara, and Mattavilāsa, all alluded to in
his play, [387] who ruled in Kāñcī, the scene of his drama, in the
first quarter of the seventh century A.D. [388] Chance rather than any
special merit has preserved for us his Prahasana, [389] which is so far
the only early farce published, and which has special interest as it
comes from the south, and, as we have seen, shows signs of the same
technique as that of Bhāsa. Thus the play is opened by the director at
the close of the Nāndī, which is not preserved, and the prologue is
styled Sthāpanā, and not, as usual, Prastāvanā. We have also a
reference to Karpaṭa as the writer of a text-book for thieves, as in
the Cārudatta of Bhāsa, but there is an essential difference in the
fact that great care is taken in the prologue to set out at length the
merits of the author as well as the name of the drama.
The director introduces the play by a dialogue in which he by skilled
flattery induces his first wife to aid him in the work, despite her
annoyance at his taking to himself of a younger bride, and the
transition to the actual drama is accomplished as in Bhāsa by his being
interrupted in the midst of a verse by a cry from behind the scene,
which leads him to complete his stanza by mentioning the appearance of
the chief actor and his companion. They are a Çaiva mendicant of the
skull-bearing order, a Kapālin, and his damsel, Devasomā by name. Both
are intoxicated, and the maiden asks for her companion’s aid to prevent
her from falling; he would hold her if he could, but his own condition
hinders aid; in remorse he proposes to forswear strong drink, but the
lady entreats him not for her sake thus to break his penance, and he
joyfully abandons the rash project, praising instead his rule of life:
[390]
peyā surā priyatamāmukham īkṣitavyam: grāhyaḥ svabhāvalalito
’vikṛtaç ca veṣaḥ
yenedam īdṛçam adṛçyata mokṣavartma: dīrghayur astu bhagavān sa
pinākapaṇiḥ.
‘Long live the god who bears the trident and who has revealed to men
this as the way of salvation, to drink brandy, to gaze on the face of
one’s beloved, to wear beautiful and becoming raiment.’ He is reminded
by his companions that the Arhants have a very different definition of
the path of salvation, but he has little trouble in disposing of them:
kāryasya niḥsaṁçayam ātmahetoḥ: sarūpatāṁ hetubhir abhyupetya
duḥkhasya kāryaṁ sukham āmanantaḥ: svenaiva vākyena hatā varākāḥ.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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