The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
The demerits of the poem are obvious; there is no attempt to improve on
the traditional narrative, though Vālin is honourably killed; the
characters are as stereotyped as ever. The author, however, delights to
overload and elaborate the theme; hyperbole marks every idea; his
mythological knowledge is adequate to enable him to abound in conceits
and plays on words, when he does not sink, as largely in Act III, to
mere commonplace. The taste which invents the visit to the world of the
moon and Sumeru is as deplorable as that which substitutes the dull
dialogue between Jāmbavant and Jaṭāyu for the vigorous conversation of
Jaṭāyu and Sampāti in the Mahāvīracarita. For dialogue in general
Murāri has no taste at all, and what merit his work has lies entirely
in the ability which he shows to handle the Sanskrit language and to
frame sentences of harmonious sound in effective metrical forms. His
knowledge of the lexica is obvious, while his love of the recondite in
grammar has won him the fame of being used to illustrate rare forms by
the author of the Siddhāntakaumudī. These linguistic merits have
secured him the preference shown for him by modern taste. Nor indeed
can his power of expression be justly denied: [481]
dṛçyante madhumattakokilavadhūnirdhūtacūtān̄kura—
prāgbhāraprasaratparāgasikatādurgās taṭībhūmayaḥ
yāḥ kṛcchrād atilan̄ghya lubdhakabhayāt tair eva reṇūtkarair
dhārāvāhibhir asti luptapadavīniḥçan̄kam eṇīkulam.
‘There are seen the towering slopes as of sand where the pollen tilts
off from the mango shoots, shaken by the female cuckoos, maddened by
the intoxication of spring; scarce can the antelopes in their fear of
the hunter leap over them, but the dust which they raise in showers
accords them security by concealing the path of their flight.’ The idea
is certainly trivial enough, but the expression, which defies
reproduction in English, is in its own way a masterpiece of effect.
A pretty erotic verse is found in Act VII: [482]
anena rambhoru bhavanmukhena: tuṣārabhānos tulayā dhṛtasya
ūnasya nūnam pratipūraṇāya: tārā sphuranti pratimānakhaṇḍāh.
‘When the moon is placed in the scales, fair-limbed one, against thy
face, assuredly it is found wanting, and to make good the deficit the
stars must shine as make-weights.’
Not a bad example of more elaborate, yet graceful, eulogy is found in
the following stanza: [483]
gotre sākṣād ajani bhagavān eṣa yat padmayoniḥ
çayyotthāyaṁ yad akhilam ahaḥ prīṇayanti dvirephān
ekāgrāṁ yad dadhati bhagavaty uṣṇabhānau ca bhaktim
tat prāpus te sutanu vadanaupamyam ambhoruhāṇi.
‘Since manifestly in their family has been born the blessed one, sprung
from the lotus; since all day long they delight the bees as they rise
from their bed; since their whole faith they devote to the blessed lord
of the sharp rays, thus, O lovely one, the flowers that spring from the
water attain the likeness of thy face.’
Happy also is another erotic stanza: [484]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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