The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
‘Paling the face of every beauty here, making the sky’s vault to ripple
with the liquid moonlight of her loveliness, and breaking the haughty
pride in the hearts of maids that regard her, appeareth the moon-like
orb of her face as she moveth straight to and fro in her sport on the
swing.’ The effective alliteration and paronomasia of this stanza are
surpassed by the metrical perfection of the next but one, where the
Pṛthvī metre, with ‘its jingling tribrachs and bell-like, chiming
cretics’, is employed in a stanza which admirably conveys by its sound
the sense at which it aims:
raṇantamaṇiṇeuraṁ jhaṇajhaṇantahāracchaḍaṁ
kaṇakkaṇiakin̄kiṇīmuhalamehalāḍambaraṁ
vilolavalaāvalījaṇiamañjusiñjāravaṁ
ṇa kassa maṇomohaṇaṁ sasimuhīa hindolaṇaṁ.
‘With the tinkling jewelled anklets, With the sound of lovely jingles
With the flashing jewelled necklace, From the rows of rolling bangles,
With the show of girdles garrulous Pray whose heart is not bewildered
From their ringing, ringing bells While the moon-faced maiden swings?’
Excellent also is the king’s address [494] to the Açoka when made to
blossom by the touch of the foot of his young beloved, but more
characteristic in his comment, [495] inspired by the Vidūṣaka’s
ungallant comparison of the fresh beauty of the maiden with the passée
comeliness of his queen:
bālāu honti kuūhaleṇa emeya cavalacittāo
daralasiathaṇīsu puṇo ṇivasai maaraddhaarahassaṁ.
‘Though maidens in their young zest for life are fickle of faith, yet
it is with them—their breasts just budding—that the mystery of the
dolphin-bannered doth abide.’
For technique Rājaçekhara is of interest, because he uses in the
Karpūramañjarī the old form of prologue quite openly, with the Nāndī
recited doubtless by the Sūtradhāra, followed by the advent of the
Sthāpaka who recites two verses. It is noteworthy that the manuscripts
often alter the Sthāpaka to the Sūtradhāra despite the clear sense of
the text. The late Pārvatīpariṇaya likewise has a Nāndī before the
Sūtradhāra speaks a verse. It is probable that the older technique long
persisted in the south.
Rājaçekhara’s indebtedness to his predecessors is wholesale; the
influence of Kālidāsa, Harṣa, and Bhavabhūti is obvious, and it is
probably an indication of his contemporaneity with, or slight
posteriority to, Murāri that he does not seem to have known his
writings. Influence of the vernacular or of Prākrit is to be seen in
his occasional use of rhyme, such as is found in the later Gītagovinda
or the Mohamudgara.
6. BHĪMAṬA AND KṢEMĪÇVARA
A verse attributed to Rājaçekhara mentions the five dramas of Bhīmaṭa,
of which the Svapnadaçānana won him chief fame. He is described as a
Kaliñjarapati, whence the suggestion has been made that he was a
connection of the Candella king Harṣa of Jejākabhukti, who, we know,
was a contemporary of Mahīpāla of Kanyakubja, patron of Rājaçekhara,
but we have no ground for positive assertion. [496]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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