The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
Indifference to individuality necessarily meant indifference to action,
and therefore to plot, and this lies at the basis of the steady
progress by which the dialogue was neglected in favour of the stanzas.
The latter express the general; they draw highly condensed, but also
often extremely poetical, pictures of the beauty of nature in one of
its many aspects, or of the charms of the beloved; or they enunciate
the Brahmanical solutions of the problems of life and conduct. In them
the individual has no place; the beloved may be described, but she is
merely typical. These stanzas appealed to the audience; we have no echo
in India of the criticisms which were levelled in Greece against
Euripides, for the introduction of sentiments unfitted to his
characters and the scenes involved, and we have no hint that Indian
theory ever recognized that the drama by the tenth century A.D. was in
a state of decadence.
The peculiar and limited view of the drama was intimately connected
with its Brahmanical character. The drama of Greece was popular; it
appealed to all free Athenian citizens, [587] an infinitely wider class
than that for which the dramas of India in Sanskrit and Prākrit were
composed, and it was written in a language easily comprehended by all
those who viewed the spectacle. From the period of the earliest dramas
known to us the full comprehension of the words can have been confined
to a limited section of the audience, which, however, had sufficient
pleasure in the spectacle, in the song, the pantomimic dances, and the
music, and sufficient general comprehension of the drama to follow it
adequately enough. Such an audience, however, acted as a stimulus to
refinement and elaboration; the dramatist could neglect the prime
necessity of being understood which weighed on the Greek dramatist, and
indulge in the production of something recondite, calculated to
manifest his skill in metrical form and management of words. The fact
that Sanskrit was not a normal living language presented him with the
temptation, to which none of the later dramatists rises superior, of
the free use of the vast store of alleged synonyms presented by the
lexica, [588] freed from any inconvenient necessity, such as exists in
every living language, of using words only in that precise nuance which
every synonym possesses in a living dialect.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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