The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
‘My father’s feet were wet with tears I let fall on them, and my head
was wet with tears he let fall over me.’ When Devakī must yield, for
the sake of saving it, her child, it is said of her: [216]
hṛdayeneha taran̄gair dvidhābhūteva gacchati
yathā nabhasi toye ca candralekhā dvidhā kṛtā.
‘She is divided; her heart remaineth here, her body goeth yonder, as in
cloud and water the digit of the moon is divided.’ Rāvaṇa’s contempt
for Rāma as a foe is forcibly expressed: [217]
kathaṁ lambasataḥ siṅho mṛgeṇa vinipātyate
gajo vā sumahān mattaḥ sṛgālena nihanyate?
‘Can the deer bring low the lion with flowing mane? Can the jackal slay
the mighty elephant in his wrath?’ In the Cārudatta [218] the darkness
is happily described:
sulabhaçaraṇam āçrayo bhayānāṁ: vanagahanaṁ timiraṁ ca tulyam eva
ubhayam api hi rakṣyate ’ndhakāre: janayati yaç ca bhayāni yaç ca
bhītaḥ.
‘Affording easy refuge, yet abodes of fear, the forest depths and
darkness are akin; for the shadows guard alike him who feareth and him
who causeth fear.’ More ambitious is a verse given in the
Subhāṣitāvali: [219]
kaṭhinahṛdaye muñca krodhaṁ sukhapratighātakam
likhati divasaṁ yātaṁ yātaṁ Yamaḥ kila mānini
vayasi taruṇe naitad yuktaṁ cale ca samāgame
bhavati kalaho yāvat tāvad varaṁ subhage ratam.
‘Hard-hearted maiden, lay aside the anger that doth impede our joy;
death entereth on his register every day as it goeth, disdainful one;
not meet is this in thy tender youth, for love is fleeting; rather
spend in love the time we lose in this quarrel.’
The simple figures of speech are freely used by Bhāsa, and he shows as
usual a marked fondness for the accumulation of similar sounds, as in
sajalajaladhara, sanīranīrada, or kuladayaṁ hanti madena nārī:
kūladvayaṁ kṣubdhajalā nadīva. More interesting are instances of his
power, which is specially manifest in the Svapnavāsavadattā and the
Pratimānāṭaka, of expressing strong emotion adequately and forcibly.
Thus we have the indignant upbraiding of Kaikeyī by the angry Bharata:
[220]
vayam ayaçasā cīreṇāryo nṛpo gṛhamṛtyunā
pratataruditaiḥ kṛtsnāyodhyā mṛgaiḥ saha Lakṣmaṇaḥ
dayitatanayāḥ çokenāmbāḥ snuṣādhvapariçramair
dhig iti vacasā cogreṇātmā tvayā nanu yojitāḥ?
‘Hast thou not brought upon me disgrace and dishonour, on my noble
father’s death at the hands of his dearest, on all Ayodhyā ceaseless
lamentation, exile on Lakṣmaṇa, sorrow on the noble ladies, who love
their children, for the cruel journey imposed on thy daughter-in-law,
and on thyself the hateful reproach of a shameful deed?’ Equally
effective is Lakṣmaṇa’s protest against Rāma’s acquiescence in his
exclusion from the throne: [221]
yadi na sahase rājño mohaṃ dhanuḥ spṛça mā dayā
svajananibhṛtaḥ sarvo ’py evam mṛduḥ paribhūyate
atha na rucitam muñca mām ahaṁ kṛtaniçcayo
yuvatirahitaṁ kartuṁ lokaṁ yataç chalitā vayam.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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