Otherwise (were the soul not eternal) there would follow a failure of requital and a fruition (of pleasures and pains) unmerited. It has accordingly been said (in the aphorisms of Gautaṃa, iii. 25): Because no birth is seen of one who is devoid of desire. That the soul is atomic is well known from revelation-- "If the hundredth part of a hair be imagined to be divided a hundred times, "The soul may be supposed a part of that, and yet it is capable of infinity." And again-- "Soul is of the size of the extremity of the spoke of a wheel. Spirit is to be recognised by the intelligence as atomic." The visible, unsentient world, designated by the term not-soul, is divided into three, as the object, the instrument, or the site of fruition. Of this world the efficient and substantial cause is the Deity, known under the names Purushottama (best of spirits), Vásudeva (a patronymic of Kṛishṇa), and the like. "Vásudeva is the supreme absolute spirit, endowed with auspicious attributes, "The substantial cause, the efficient of the worlds, the animator of spirits." This same Vásudeva, infinitely compassionate, tender to those devoted to him, the Supreme Spirit, with the purpose of bestowing various rewards apportioned to the deserts of his votaries in consequence of pastime, exists under five modes, distinguished as "adoration" (_archá_), "emanation" (_vibhava_), "manifestation" (_vyúha_), "the subtile" (_súkshma_), and the "internal controller." (1.) "Adoration" is images, and so forth. (2.) "Emanation" is his incarnation, as Ráma, and so forth. (3.) His "manifestation" is fourfold, as Vásudeva, Saṅkarshaṇa, Pradyumna, and Aniruddha. (4.) "The subtile" is the entire Supreme Spirit, with six attributes, called Vásudeva. His attributes are exemption from sin, and the rest. That he is exempt from sin is attested in the Vedic text: Passionless, deathless, without sorrow, without hunger, desiring truth, true in purpose. (5.) The "internal controller," the actuator of all spirits, according to the text: Who abiding in the soul, rules the soul within. When by worshipping each former embodiment a mass of sins inimical to the end of the soul (_i.e._, emancipation) have been destroyed, the votary becomes entitled to practise the worship of each latter embodiment. It has, therefore, been said-- "Vásudeva, in his tenderness to his votaries, gives, as desired by each, "According to the merits of his qualified worshippers, large recompense. "For that end, in pastime he makes to himself his five embodiments; "Images and the like are 'adoration;' his incarnations are 'emanations;' "As Saṅkarshaṅa, Vásudeva, Pradyumna, Aniruddha, his manifestation is to be known to be fourfold; 'the subtile' is the entire six attributes; "That self-same called Vásudeva is styled the Supreme Spirit;