"Wheels, furies, vultures, quite unheard of things, And the gay ghosts were strangers yet to kings!" Badham. [837] _Vetulo._ Cf. Ov., Fast., v., 57, _seq._, which passage Juvenal seems to have had in his mind. [838] _Glandis._ Cf. Sat. vi., init. [839] _Depositum._ Terent., Phorm., I., ii., 5, "Præsertim ut nunc sunt mores: adeo res redit; Si quis quid reddit, magna habenda 'st gratia." [840] _Ærugo_, the rust of _brass_; robigo, of _iron_; but, l. 148, used for the oxydizing of gold or silver. _Follis_, cf. xiv., 281. [841] _Prodigiosa_, ii., 103. [842] _Tuscis libellis._ Vid. Dennis' Etruria, vol. i., p. lvii. The marvelous events of the year were registered by the Etruscan soothsayers in their records, that, if they portended the displeasure of the gods, they might be duly expiated. Various names are given by ancient writers to these sacred or ritual books: Libri Etrusci; Chartæ Etruscæ; Scripta Etrusca; Etruscæ disciplinæ libri; libri fatales, rituales, haruspicini, fulgurales; libri Tagetici; sacra Tagetica; sacra Acherontica; libri Acherontici. The author of these works on Etruscan discipline was supposed to be Tages; and the names of some writers on the same subject are given, probably commentators on Tages, e. g., Tarquitius, Cæcina, Aquila, Labeo, Begoë. _Umbricius._ Cf. Cic., de Div., i., 12, 13, 44; ii., 23. Liv., v., 15. Macrob., Saturn., iii., 7; v., 19. Serv. ad Virg., Æn., i., 42; iii., 537; viii., 398. Plin., ii., 85. Festus, _s. v._ Rituales. [843] _Sanctum._ Cf. iii., 137; viii., 24. [844] _Bimembri_, or "with double limbs." All these prodigies are common enough in Livy. [845] _Miranti_ is quite Juvenalian, and better than the common reading "Mirandis," or the suggestion "liranti." [846] _Mulæ._ Cf. Cic., de Div., ii., 28, "Si quod rarò fit, id portentum putandum est sapientem esse portentum est; sæpius enim _mulam peperisse_ arbitror, quam sapientem fuisse." [847] _Lapides._ Cf. Liv., xxxix., 37. This prodigy was one of the causes of consulting the sacred books, which led to the introduction of the worship of Bona Dea to Rome. Cf. ad ix., 37. Liv., xxii., 1, "Præneste ardentes lapides cœlo cecidisse." [848] _Apium._ Cf. Liv., xxiv., 10. Tac., Ann., xii., 64, "Fastigio Capitolii examen apium insedit: biformes hominem partus." Plin., xi., 17. [849] _Gurgitibus._ Liv., xix., 44, "Flumen Amiterni cruentum fluxisse." Virg., Georg., i., 485, "Aut puteis manare cruor cessavit." [850] _Arcana._ "Fidei alterius tacitè commissa sine ullis testibus." Lubin. Another interpretation is, "that, having lost it, he held his tongue, and complained to no one." [851] _Superos._ "Those conscious powers we can with ease contemn, If, hid from men, we trust our crimes with them." Dryden. [852] _Cirrhæi_, from Cirrha in Phocis, near the foot of Mount Parnassus, the port of Delphi. Cf. vii., 64, "Dominis Cirrhæ Nysæque feruntur Pectora." [853] _Spicula_; probably from Tibull., I., iv., 21.