It is probable that all these places are in Hertfordshire, or in Essex. In both counties we find Hatfield and Walden: there is no Clavering in Hertfordshire, that I know of. On the other hand I am not aware of any Munden or Watton in Essex. In 880 Æðelred, duke of Mercia, gave various estates to the bishopric of Worcester. He also gave six persons with their offspring, who had previously been _adscripti glebæ_ at the royal vill of Bensington. “These are the names of the persons who are written from Bensington to Readanora, to the bishopric of Worcester, with their offspring, and the progeny that may come of them to all eternity: Alhmund, Tídwulf, Tídleáh, Lull and Eádwulf[430].” In 902, Beornwulf _homed_ (gehámette), that is attached, to his manor of Eblesburne, a number of persons, of both sexes. Lufe and her three children, Luha and his six children are named[431]. In the time of Eádgár we have the record of several persons establishing by their oaths that their parents had not been serfs or _coloni_ of the king[432]. An Appendix to this chapter contains numerous examples of manumissions, of various periods. ----- Footnote 428: He was the ǽhteswán or _porcarius dominicalis_. I cannot explain the distinction intended by ða grǽgan swín, literally the _grey_ swine. Footnote 429: Perhaps great-grandmother. Footnote 430: Cod. Dipl. No. 311. Footnote 431: Ibid. No. 1079. Footnote 432: Ibid. No. 981. ----- CHAPTER IX. THE MUTUAL GUARANTEE. MÆGBURH. TITHING. HUNDRED.