The Saxons in England, Volume 1 (of 2): A history of the English commonwealth till the period of the Norman conquestKemble, John Mitchell
History
The Saxons in England, Volume 1 (of 2): A history of the English commonwealth till the period of the Norman conquest
Kemble, John Mitchell
Great Britain -- History -- Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066
To Wóden was dedicated the fourth or mid-day of the week, and it still
retains his name: this among other circumstances tends to the
identification of him with Mercurius[632]. The Old-norse Rúnatale þáttr
which introduces Oþinn declaring himself to be the inventor of
runes[633], is confirmed by the assertion in the dialogue of Salomon and
Saturn, which to the question “Who invented letters?” answers, “I tell
thee, Mercury the giant”—that is, “Wóden the god:” and this is further
evidence of resemblance. A metrical homily in various collections,
bearing the attractive title _De falsis diis_, supplies us with further
proof of this identification, not only with Wóden, but with the Norse
Oþinn: it says,
Sum man was geháten A man there was, called
Mercurius on life, Mercury during life,
se was swíðe fácenful who was very fraudulent
and swícol on dǽdum, and deceitful in deeds,
and lufode eác stala and eke loved thefts
and leásbrednysse: and deception:
ðone macodon ða hǽðenan him the heathen made
him tó mǽran gode, a powerful god for themselves,
and æt wega gelǽtum and by the road-sides
him lác offrodon, made him offerings,
and tó heágum beorgum and upon high hills
him bróhton onsægdnysse. brought him sacrifice.
Ðæs god wæs árwurða This god was honourable
betwux callum hǽðenum, among all the heathen,
and he is Oþon geháten and he is called Odin
óðrum naman on Denisc. by another name in Danish.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Ðone feorðan dæg
hí sealdon him tó frófre
ðám foresædan Mercurie
heora mǽran gode[634].
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
The fourth day
they gave for their advantage
to the aforesaid Mercury
their great god.
-----
Footnote 632:
This probably was the case even before any German settlement was made
in Britain. But no argument can be raised on this ground against the
genuineness of the Wóden worship here; because, if the continental
Germans worshiped him, they probably carried his rites with them to
England. We know that he is one of the gods named in the celebrated
formulary of renunciation, which the missionary Christians prepared
for the use of the Saxon converts. Why the _interpretatio Romana_
(Tac. Germ. xliii.) fixed upon Wóden as the corresponding god to
Mercury we do not clearly see: but we are not acquainted with the
rites and legends which may have made this perfectly clear to the
Romans.
Footnote 633:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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