disdained to place themselves under the yoke of the Saxons, still maintained a dangerous and often threatening independence: and Cornwall and Devon, North and South Wales, Cheshire, Lancashire, Cumberland, perhaps even part of Northumberland, still formed important fortresses, garrisoned by this hardy and unsubjugated race. Beyond the Picts, throughout the north of Scotland, and in the neighbouring island of Ireland, were the Scots, a Keltic race, but not so nearly allied as the Cornish, Cymric and Pictish tribes. ----- Footnote 1: There is not much positive evidence on this subject: but perhaps the following considerations may appear of weight. The distinctive names of Water in the two principal Keltic languages of these islands, appear to be _Aber_ and _Inver_: the former occurs frequently in Wales, the latter never: on the other hand, Aber rarely, if ever, occurs in Ireland, while Inver does. If we now take a good map of England and Wales and Scotland, we shall find the following data. In Wales: Aber-avon, lat. 51° 36´ N., long. 3° 47´ W. Abergavenny, lat. 51° 49´ N., long. 3° 2´ W. Abergwilli, lat. 51° 52´ N., long. 4° 17´ W. Aberystwith, lat. 52° 25´ N., long. 4° 4´ W. Aberfraw, lat. 53° 12´ N., long. 4° 28´ W. Abergele, lat. 53° 20´ N., long. 3° 38´ W. In Scotland: Aberlady, lat. 56° 0´ N., long. 2° 52´ W. Aberdour, lat. 56° 3´ N., long. 3° 17´ W. Aberfoil, lat. 56° 20´ N., long. 4° 21´ W. Abernethy, lat. 56° 19´ N., long. 3° 18´ W. Aberbrothie (Arbroath), lat. 56° 33´ N., long. 2° 35´ W. Aberfeldy, lat. 56° 37´ N., long. 3° 51´ W. Abergeldie, lat. 57° 3´ N., long. 3° 6´ W. Aberchalder, lat. 57° 6´ N., long. 4° 46´ W. Aberdeen, lat. 57° 8´ N., long. 2° 5´ W. Aberchirdir, lat. 57° 34´ N., long. 2° 37´ W. Aberdour, lat. 57° 40´ N., long. 2° 11´ W. In Scotland: Inverkeithing, lat. 56° 2´ N., long. 3° 23´ W. Inverary, lat. 56° 15´ N., long. 5° 4´ W. Inverarity, lat. 56° 36´ N., long. 2° 54´ W. Inverbervie, lat. 56° 52´ N., long. 2° 21´ W. Invergeldie, lat. 57° 1´ N., long. 3° 12´ W. Invernahavon, lat, 57° 1´ N., long. 4° 9´ W. Invergelder, lat. 57° 2´ N., long. 3° 15´ W. Invermoriston, lat. 57° 12´ N., long. 4° 40´ W. Inverness, lat. 57° 28´ N., long. 4° 13´ W. Invernetty, lat. 57° 29´ N., long. 1° 48´ W. Invercaslie, lat. 57° 58´ N., long. 4° 36´ W. Inver, lat. 58° 9´ N., long. 5° 10´ W.