Note: Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive. See http://archive.org/details/scandinavianelem33babc Transcriber's note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). Small capitals in the original work are represented here in all capitals. Footnotes have been renumbered and moved to directly below the paragraph to which they belong. Some tables may not line up vertically. University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences Vol. 111. No. 3 September, 1914 THE SCANDINAVIAN ELEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES by KENDRIC CHARLES BABCOCK, Ph. D. Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences in the University of Illinois Sometime Fellow in the University of Minnesota and in Harvard University PRICE $1.00 Published by the University of Illinois Urbana Copyright, 1914 By the University of Illinois TO HARRY PRATT JUDSON, KNUTE NELSON, NICOLAY A. GREVSTAD, AND ALBERT BUSHNELL HART IN GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF UNFAILING ASSISTANCE, ENCOURAGEMENT, AND FAITHFUL CRITICISM CONTENTS CHAPTER I Introduction--General discussion 7-14 CHAPTER II Swedes, Norwegians, and Danes 15-21 CHAPTER III Early Norwegian Immigration 22-34 CHAPTER IV The Rising Stream of Norwegian Immigration 35-49 CHAPTER V Swedish Immigration before 1850 50-61 CHAPTER VI The Danish Immigration 62-65 CHAPTER VII A Half Century of Expansion and Distribution, 1850-1900 66-78 CHAPTER VIII Economic Forces at Work 79-105 CHAPTER IX The Religious and Intellectual Standpoint 106-129 CHAPTER X Social Relations and Characteristics 130-139 CHAPTER XI The Scandinavian in Local and State Politics 140-156 CHAPTER XII Party Preferences and Political Leadership 157-178 CHAPTER XIII Conclusion 179-182 CHAPTER XIV Critical Essay on Materials and Authorities 183-204 APPENDIX I Statistical Tables of Population 206-216 APPENDIX II Statistics of Three Minnesota Counties 217 INDEX 219-223 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION.