The various annual or biennial legislative handbooks contain useful biographies and statistics, especially the volumes since 1880: _The Legislative Manual of the State of Minnesota_; _Wisconsin Blue Book_; _The Legislative Manual of North Dakota_; _South Dakota Political Handbook and Official and Legislative Manual_ (sometimes entitled _South Dakota Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Directory_). Of the great number and variety of official State documents and reports, those most directly useful for this study are the volumes of statistics of Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota; those relating to the State censuses, State institutions (a board of control as in Wisconsin and Iowa, or a board of charities and corrections, for certain institutions, in Minnesota and South Dakota), commissioners or boards of immigration, and boards of health. Reports of officers in charge of immigration matters are in State documents as follows: Wisconsin, 1853, 1854, 1869-1875, 1880-1882, 1884, 1886, 1897, 1900; Iowa, 1872; Minnesota, 1867-1872. The publications of certain institutions chiefly supported by the States, like the Wisconsin Historical Society, the State Historical Society of Iowa, especially vol. III (1905), and the Minnesota Historical Society, really fall into this class of sources. GENERAL WORKS The classical work on the broad subject of immigration, notable alike for the breadth and penetration of its views, is Richmond Mayo-Smith, _Emigration and Immigration: a Study in Social Science_ (1890). Two other works by the same authority, are: _Immigration and the Foreign-Born Population_ (in vol. III of the _Publications of the American Statistical Assn._, 1893), and _Statistics and Sociology_ (1895). The _Publications_ of the Immigration Restriction League take a wide range in 63 pamphlets (1894-1914). Next to these in importance come: Prescott F. Hall, _Immigration and its Effects upon the United States_ (1906), an excellent and compact study, somewhat marred by the bias of its author, who is secretary of the Restriction League; J. R. Commons, _Races and Immigrants in America_ (1907), a popular rather than profound statement, but the fresh work of a careful scholar; E. A. Steiner, _On the Trail of the Immigrant_ (1906); S. McLanahan, _Our People of Foreign Speech ... with particular reference to religious work among them_ (1904). A group of more recent works by competent scholars combining qualities of penetration and popular presentation in satisfying proportions are: H. P. Fairchild, _Immigration: a World Movement and its American Significance_ (1913); J. W. Jenks and W. J. Lauck, _The Immigration Problem_ (3d ed. revised and enlarged, 1913), by two men intimately connected with the making of the Dillingham Report; E. A. Ross, _The Old World in the New: The significance of past and present immigration to the American people_ (1914), especially ch. IV; F. J. Warne, _The Immigrant Invasion_ (1913), ch. XII.