[5] This was no great disadvantage at this time, as wool was still being spun on the spinning wheel. The mechanical spinning of woolen yarns was an obstinate problem that was not solved until 1815-1820. It then was necessary to piece these 24-inch slivers together before they could be spun until 1826, when a device for the doffing of carded wool in a continuous sliver was perfected by an American, John Goulding, and patented by him. [6] A.P. Pitkin, _The Pitkin family of America_, Hartford, 1887, p. 75. [7] From a letter written in 1889 by Mayall's son; A.H. Cole, _The American wool manufacture_, vol. 1, Cambridge, 1926, p. 90. [8] From a report of the visit of Henry Wansey in 1794, cited by W.R. Bagnall, _The textile industries of the United States_, Cambridge, 1893, p. 107. [9] Slater introduced the Arkwright system of carding and spinning cotton into America in 1790. Bringing neither plans nor models with him from which to build the machines, he relied instead on his detailed knowledge of their construction. England prohibited the export of textile machines, models, and plans, and even attempted to prevent skilled artisans from leaving the country. George S. White, _Memoir of Samuel Slater_, Philadelphia, 1836, pp. 37 and 71. [10] R.C. Taft, _Some notes upon the introduction of the woolen manufacture into the United States_, Providence, 1882, pp. 17-18. The Scholfield sons, of whom three were still living in the 1880's, were quite elderly at the time Taft talked to them; only James, aged 98, would have been able to remember the Connecticut move. [11] There is no record of the carding machine made of mahogany which John's sons reported had been transferred to the Stonington mill. [12] This is probably the machine that gave rise to stories of a carding machine having been smuggled from England during the early Byfield days. J.E.A. Smith, _The history of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, from the year 1800 to the year 1876_, Springfield, 1876, p. 167. [13] U.S. 15th Congress, 1st and 2nd sessions, _The debates and proceedings in the Congress_, vols. for 1817-1819 (2). [14] _Worcester Spy_, July 10, 1822. [15] A natural delay. Although the cylinders and the card clothing wore out and had to be replaced, the heavy wooden frames of the early machines remained long in serviceable condition. [16] Once again in use, it is now powered by electricity. A pound of slivers from it (about 260) may be purchased for $3.00. [17] The author is indebted to William N. Watkins, U.S. National Museum Curator of Agriculture and Wood Products, Smithsonian Institution, for the identification of the woods in the specimen. [18] The author is indebted to Mr. Don Berkebile of the Smithsonian's U.S. National Museum staff for his examination of the metal teeth on the comb plate of this machine.