Endowed public schools (Great Britain); Political science -- Study and teaching
Nothing, indeed, could be wider of the mark than the notion that a
system of political education would increase the number of
self-seeking, power-hunting "politicians." Such men are the product,
not of political education, but of the lack of it. What is the present
situation? To the ordinary boy, politics, when it first obtrudes
itself on his attention, appears under one or other of two aspects. If
he is clever, or is imagined to be so by ambitious parents, or again,
if, though stupid, he happens to belong to a political family, the air
begins to be thick with talk of his "going into" politics. He is to
"go into" politics in the same way as men "go into" the Stock Exchange
or the law; by virtue either of birth or brains he is to enter one of
those little strongholds of his class, and earn his living there by
playing the appropriate game.
This is the guise under which politics appears to one type of boy. The
other type, hears in some quarter or other a babble about income-tax
and little navies and big loans; and either dismisses the whole thing
as "absolute rot," which can have no possible meaning for him, or
imbibes the ideas and prejudices of the people whose talk he is
listening to, without in the least understanding their implications.
From these two types is developed the great bulk of the population,
considered under its political aspect. On the one side, politicians,
whether clever or stupid; on the other, the electorate, ignorant and
apathetic, or prejudiced and inflammable, as the case may be. There
are, of course, other classes too. There is the man who has made money
in business, and late in the day conceives the idea of entering
Parliament--which he sometimes succeeds in doing even when he has been
unable to avoid making an election speech or two. There is the
idealist who takes up political work with the sole object of doing
useful service. There is the well-informed and open-minded student of
public affairs. There is the intellectualist. But the great majority
are as we have described them.
The introduction of a far-reaching system of political education would
have three results, each of which would reinforce the others in putting
an end to the present state of affairs. Make every one a politician,
and "politicians" will become rare. Politics will cease to be an
essentially specialised profession; men will no longer "go into" it as
into a thing apart. Some will administer, guide, and direct; others
will know and criticise. But every one will be politically active; and
instead of the stronghold of politics in a desert of ignorance, there
will be that interplay of political functions, distributed among the
whole body of the people, which is the real meaning of democracy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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