supplementary instance to what the experiment on the individual itself
has established.
We should only be repeating ourselves if we were to analyse again what
happens here as the expression of the harmonious-equipotentiality
itself. But indeed there occurs something new in this instance: the
single mesenchyme cell not only has to perform in each case that single
act of specific secretion which the case requires, but it also has to
wander to the right place in order to perform it; there must be some
order, not only about the acts of secretion after wandering, but also in
the migrations themselves. If undisturbed ontogeny alone were possible,
and if therefore a theory like that of Weismann were in place, we might
say perhaps that each mesenchyme-cell is specified not only as to its
performance in secretion, but also with regard to its chemotactical
irritability, the latter being typically localised, so that its effect
becomes typical, thanks to the typical arrangement of all the cells
with respect to each other. But that is certainly not the case. Now, you
may ask yourselves if you could imagine any sort of a machine, which
consists of many parts, but not even of an absolutely fixed number, all
of which are equal in their faculties, but all of which in each single
case, in spite of their potential equality, not only produce together
a certain typical totality, but also arrange themselves typically in
*order* to produce this totality. We *are* indeed familiar with certain
occurrences in nature where such curious facts are observed, but I doubt
if you would speak of “machines” in these cases. The mesenchyme-cells,
in fact, behave just as a number of workmen would do who are to
construct, say, a bridge. All of them *can* do every single act, all of
them also *can* assume every single position: the result always is to
be a perfect bridge; and it is to be a perfect bridge even if some of
the workmen become sick or are killed by an accident. The “prospective
values” of the single workman change in such a case.
I well know that it is only an analogy which I am offering to you.
The mesenchyme-cells have not “learned,” have no “experience.” All
that is to occupy us next summer. But in spite of it, there is truth
in the analogy; and perhaps you will prefer it to the merely abstract
consideration.
ON CERTAIN COMBINED TYPES OF MORPHOGENETIC SYSTEMS
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