Another type of systems, which might be said to be of a higher degree,
is exhibited in some very strange phenomena of regeneration. It was
first shown most clearly by some experiments of Godlewski’s that a
whole tail may be regenerated from a wound inflicted on the body of
a newt, even if this wound involves section of only a portion of the
body-diameter. Section of the whole of the body-diameter of course
would cause the formation of the whole tail also; but it was found that
even an incomplete cross-section of the body is capable of performing
the whole on a smaller scale. The series of possible cross-sections
which are all capable of regeneration would have to be called a
system of the complex type in this case; but, now we learn that every
*single* cross-section is of the harmonious type, we must speak of
*complex-harmonious systems*. What we have described is not the only
instance of our new type of morphogenetic systems. Some other instances
had been discovered a few years earlier, though nobody had pointed
out their true significance. In the flatworm *Planaria* a partial
cross-section is also capable of forming a whole structure, say a head,
and all cases of so-called “super-regeneration” after the infliction of
a complicated wound probably belong here also.
You may say that our two additions to the theory of systems are merely
formal, and indeed I am prepared to concede that we shall not learn
anything altogether new from their discussion: their analysis would lead
either to what was our “first proof” of the autonomy of life-phenomena
or to what will be our “second” one. But the mere descriptions of the
facts discovered here will interest you, I think, and will fill your
minds with more vivid pictures of the various aspects of form-autonomy.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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