At the end of organogenesis the structure is assumed to have been
broken up into its elements, and these elements, which may be chemical
compounds, determine the fate of the single cells of the adult organism.
Here let us pause for a moment. There cannot be any doubt that
Weismann’s theory resembles to a very high degree the old “evolutio”
doctrines of the eighteenth century, except that it is a little less
crude. The chick itself is not supposed to be present in the hen’s egg
before development, and ontogeny is not regarded as a mere growth of
that chick in miniature, but what really is supposed to be present in
the egg is nevertheless a something that in all its parts corresponds
to all the parts of the chick, only under a somewhat different
aspect, while all the relations of the parts of the one correspond
to the relations of the parts of the other. Indeed, only on such an
hypothesis of a fairly fixed and rigid relation between the parts of
the morphogenetic structure could it be possible for the disintegration
of the structure to go on, not by parts of organisation, but by parts
of symmetry; which, indeed, is a very strange, but not an illogical,
feature of Weismann’s doctrine.
Weismann is absolutely convinced that there must be a theory of
“evolutio,” in the old sense of the word, to account for the ontogenetic
facts; that “epigenesis” has its place only in descriptive embryology,
where, indeed, as we know, manifoldness in the *visible* sense is
produced, but that epigenesis can never form the foundation of a real
morphogenetic *theory*: theoretically one pre-existing manifoldness is
transformed into the other. An epigenetic theory would lead right beyond
natural science, Weismann thinks, as in fact, all such theories, if
fully worked out, have carried their authors to vitalistic views. But
vitalism is regarded by him as dethroned for ever.
Under these circumstances we have a good right, it seems to me, to speak
of a *dogmatic* basis of Weismann’s theory of development.
But to complete the outlines of the theory itself: Weismann was
well aware that there were some grave difficulties attaching to his
statements: all the facts of so-called adventitious morphogenesis in
plants, of regeneration in animals, proved that the morphogenetic
organisation could not be fully disintegrated during ontogeny. But these
difficulties were not absolute: they could be overcome: indeed, Weismann
assumes, that in certain specific cases--and he regarded all cases of
restoration of a destroyed organisation as due to specific properties
of the subjects, originated by roundabout variations and natural
selection--that in specific cases, specific arrangements of minute parts
were formed during the process of disintegration, and were surrendered
to specific cells during development, from which regeneration or
adventitious budding could originate if required. “Plasma of reserve”
was the name bestowed on these hypothetic arrangements.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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