4. ON CERTAIN OTHER FEATURES OF MORPHOGENESIS ADVOCATING ITS AUTONOMY 150 Harmonious-equipotential Systems formed by Wandering Cells 151 On Certain Combined Types of Morphogenetic Systems 153 The “Morphaesthesia” of Noll 157 Restitutions of the Second Order 158 On the “Equifinality” of Restitutions 159 Remarks on “Retro-Differentiation” 163 *C.* ADAPTATION-- INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON REGULATIONS IN GENERAL 165 1. MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION 168 The Limits of the Concept of Adaptation 168 Adaptations to Functional Changes from Without 172 True Functional Adaptation 176 Theoretical Conclusions 179 2. PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION 184 Specific Adaptedness *not* “Adaptation” 186 Primary and Secondary Adaptations in Physiology 188 On Certain Pre-requisites of Adaptations in General 189 On Certain Groups of Primary Physiological Adaptations 190 General Remarks on Irritability 190 The Regulation of Heat Production 193 Primary Regulations in the Transport of Materials and Certain Phenomena of Osmotic Pressure 194 Chromatic Regulations in Algae 197 Metabolic Regulations 198 Immunity the only Type of a Secondary Physiological Adaptation 204 No General Positive Result from this Chapter 209 A few Remarks on the Limits of Regulability 212 *D.* INHERITANCE. SECOND PROOF OF THE AUTONOMY OF LIFE-- The Material Continuity in Inheritance 214 On Certain Theories which Seek to Compare Inheritance to Memory 216 The Complex-Equipotential System and its Rôle in Inheritance 219 The Second Proof of Life-Autonomy. Entelechy at the Bottom of Inheritance 224 The Significance of the Material Continuity in Inheritance 227 The Experimental Facts about Inheritance 228 The Rôle of the Nucleus in Inheritance 233 Variation and Mutation 237 *CONCLUSIONS FROM THE FIRST MAIN PART OF THESE LECTURES* 240 PART II.--SYSTEMATICS AND HISTORY *A.* THE PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMATICS--