Transcriber’s Note: In this Plain Text version of the eBook, italic text is indicated by _underscores_ and chemical compounds on pages 76–77 are shown without subscripts, e.g., H2O. Other Notes will be found at the end of this eBook. ADVERTISEMENTS. BRICK DRYERS 5,000 TO 100,000 DAILY CAPACITY. [Illustration: ·CROSS SECTION·] A. B. C. STEAM DRYER FOR SMALL PRODUCERS. CUMMER HOT AIR DRYER FOR MEDIUM AND LARGE PRODUCERS. REMARKABLE ECONOMY & EFFICIENCY. Large Dryers at work in ENGLAND, FRANCE, GERMANY, BELGIUM, DENMARK, and AMERICA, FULLY GUARANTEED. _Also Makers of Best English Steel Brick Cars._ _All Styles. Prices Free._ CHARLES ERITH & CO., 70 GRACECHURCH STREET, LONDON, E.C. [Illustration] ADVERTISEMENTS. THE CARDIFF KILNS (LEE’S PATENT) HIGH-CLASS BUILDING BRICK, BLUE & VITRIFIED BRICK, FRONT AND ORNAMENTAL BRICK, FIRE BRICK, SANITARY WARE, SALT GLAZING, &c., &c. CAN be burned BETTER and CHEAPER in these IMPROVED REGENERATIVE DOWN-DRAUGHT Kilns than in any other. They are CHEAP to erect, DURABLE, SIMPLE in construction, and COMPLETELY under control. EASY TO BURN. REQUIRE ONLY SMALL COAL, AND ALLOW NO WASTE HEAT. GIVE PERFECT RESULTS, AND ARE THE KILNS OF THE DAY. It has long been admitted that the “DOWN-DRAUGHT” is the only reliable Kiln for burning the highest class goods, and the best for ordinary purposes, the only drawback to its general adoption for lower grade wares and Building Bricks being the heavy consumption of fuel. THIS, the ONLY disadvantage, is ENTIRELY overcome by the patent CARDIFF KILN, and the improvements recently devised in their construction, whereby all the advantages of the HOFFMANN system are combined with those of DOWN-DRAUGHT system, while avoiding the defects of the Hoffmann, thus rendering these kilns the BEST, CHEAPEST, and MOST ECONOMICAL of all modern kilns, producing the BEST GOODS at the LOWEST COST. The system may be applied to existing Down-draught Kilns at very moderate cost. FOR PARTICULARS APPLY TO The Patentee, E. P. LEE, 29, The Parade, CARDIFF. THE SCIENCE OF BRICKMAKING THE SCIENCE OF BRICKMAKING: WITH SOME ACCOUNT OF THE STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BRICKS. BY GEORGE F. HARRIS, F.G.S., Membre de la Société Belge de Géologie, Paléontologie et Hydrologie; Lecturer on Geology, The Practical Applications of Geology, and Mineralogy, in the Birkbeck Institution, London; etc., etc., etc. LONDON: H. GREVILLE MONTGOMERY, 43, ESSEX STREET, STRAND. 1897. [ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.] PRINTED AT THE VICTORIA PRINTING WORKS, STANSTEAD ROAD FOREST HILL S.E. PREFACE. The substance of this little work was first published as a series of articles in the _British Clayworker_, in 1895–96, and I am indebted to the courtesy of the Proprietor of that Journal for permission to reproduce them.