The Science of Fingerprints: Classification and UsesUnited States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Science
The Science of Fingerprints: Classification and Uses
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Fingerprints
1,
-
1
although the ridge detail on the right thumb is so formed as to
resemble a whorl. The search is completed first in the preferred
1
-
1
primary classification and a reference search is then conducted in the
1
--
17
primary.
All ridge counts that are "line counts," i.e., when one more or one
less count would change the designation of the loop from I to O or
from S to M, etc., must be searched in both groups. For example, in a
print classified
16 M 1 U III 10,
---------------
M 1 U III
if the ridge count of the right middle finger is 10 and the count in
the right thumb is 16 (as indicated by the key), the print would be
searched first as classified, then reference searches would be
conducted in the following groups:
M 1 U IOI, L 1 U III, L 1 U IOI
--------- --------- and ---------
M 1 U III M 1 U III M 1 U III
When there is doubt concerning the tracing of a whorl, it should be
treated in the same fashion. For example, if in the classification
O 5 U
------
I 17 U
doubt existed as to whether the tracing of the right thumb might not
be a meeting tracing, the print would be searched as classified, and a
reference search would be conducted in
M 5 U.
------
I 17 U
If there is no doubt concerning the ridge count used for the final, it
is enough to search out of the group only those prints containing a
final within 2 ridge counts on each side of the final on the print
being searched. When, however, there is doubt concerning the ridge
count of the final, the print should be searched 2 ridge counts on
each side of the two extremes of possibility. For example, if it were
possible for a final to be 6, 7, 8, or 9 ridge counts, the print
should be searched through that part of the group bearing finals of
from 4 through 11.
The above explanation pertaining to the final also applies to the key.
All prints bearing amputations should be referenced to the necessary
files containing prints other than amputations for reference searches.
In instances where only one finger is amputated, reference searches
are conducted in all possible classifications, including all possible
ridge counts or tracings. For example, a print containing the
classification:
AMP
4 S 1 U III 6
-------------
S 1 U III
with the right index finger amputated, the left index finger being an
ulnar loop, would be searched first in the amputation group for the
classification, then reference searches would be conducted in the
following groups in the nonamputation files:
S 1 U III S 1 T II S 17 W III
--------- --------- ----------
S 1 U III S 1 U III S 1 U III
S 1 U OII S 1 R III S 17 W MII
--------- --------- ----------
S 1 U III S 1 U III S 1 U III
S 1 A II S 1 R OII S 17 W OII
--------- --------- ----------
S 1 U III S 1 U III S 1 U III
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