On the accession of Alexander I., then, Scotland was divided between the Celt and the Saxon, or more strictly speaking, Teuton, pretty much as it is at the present day, the Gaelic population having become gradually confined very nearly to the limits indicated in the first chapter. They never appear, at least until quite recently, to have taken kindly to Teutonic customs and the Teutonic tongue, and resented much the defection of their king in court, in submitting to Saxon innovations. Previous to this the history of the Highlands has been, to a very great extent, the history of Scotland, and even for a considerable time after this, _Scotia_ was applied strictly to the country north of the Forth and Clyde, the district south of that being known by various other names. During and after Edgar’s time, the whole of the country north of the Tweed became more and more a counterpart of England, with its thanes, its earls, and its sheriffs; and even the Highland maormors assumed the title of earl, in deference to the new customs. The Highlanders, however, it is well known, for centuries warred against these Saxon innovations, becoming more and more a peculiar people, being, up till the end of the last century, a perpetual thorn in the flesh of their Saxon rulers and their Saxon fellow-subjects. They have a history of their own, which we deem worthy of narration.[119] CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE SCOTTISH KINGS, FROM 843 TO 1097, ADJUSTED FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES. +----------------------------------------+--------+--------+-------+ | |Date of |Duration| | | NAMES OF THE KINGS. |Access- | of | Death.| | | -ion. | Reign. | | +----------------------------------------+--------+--------+-------+ | | A.D. | Years. | A.D. | | KENNETH MACALPINE over the Scots and | | | | | Picts, | 843 | 16 | 859 | | DONAL MACALPIN, | 859 | 4 | 863 | | CONSTANTINE II., son of Kenneth, | 863 | 18 | 881 | | AODH, or HUGH, the son of Kenneth, | 881 | 1 | 882 | | EOCHA, or ACHY, or Grig, jointly, | 882 | 11 | 893 | | DONAL IV., the son of Constantine, | 893 | 11 | 904 | | CONSTANTINE III., the son of Aodh, | 904 | 40 | 944[120] | MALCOLM I., son of Donal IV., | 944 | 9 | 953 | | INDULF, the son of Constantine III., | 953 | 8 | 961 | | DUF, the son of Malcolm I., | 961 | 4½ | 965 | | CULEN, the son of Indulf, | 965 | 4½ | 970 | | KENNETH III., son of Malcolm I., | 970 | 24 | 994 | | CONSTANTINE IV., son of Culen, | 994 | 1½ | 995 | | KENNETH IV., son of Duf, | 995 | 8 | 1003 |