The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present TimeHartwig, G. (Georg)
History
The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time
Hartwig, G. (Georg)
Animal behavior; Discoveries in geography; Discoveries in geography -- History; Marine animals; Marine plants; Ocean
The Glacial Petrel (_Procellaria gelida_) does not seem to approach the
pole so near as the fulmar. He appears but seldom in Iceland, but breeds
frequently in Newfoundland. The same is the case with the Shearwater (_P.
puffinus_), which breeds in great numbers on the Feroë islands, and in
Orcadia. The tropical petrels are the least known. They do not appear to
gather troopwise, and but seldom follow ships. Towards 45° S. lat. the
first Pintados (_P. capensis_) make their appearance, and are more rarely
seen after having passed 60° S. lat. The Giant Petrel (_P. gigantea_),
extends its flight as far as the ice-banks of the south, where the
Antarctic and the Snowy (_P. antarctica et nivea_) Petrels first appear,
birds which never leave those dreary seas, and are often seen in vast
flocks floating upon the drift ice. Thus nature has set bounds to
petrels, as to all other creatures that swim or fly in and over the
ocean, and has divided the wide deserts of the sea among their different
species. Who can tell us the mysterious laws which assign to each of them
its limits? Who can show us the invisible barriers they are not allowed
to pass?
[Illustration: Stormy Petrel.]
The Stormy Petrel (_P. pelagica_) seems to belong to every sea. It is
about the size of a swallow, and in its general appearance and flight is
not unlike that bird. Although the smallest web-footed bird known, it
braves the utmost fury of the tempest, often skimming with incredible
velocity the trough of the waves, and sometimes gliding rapidly over
their snowy crests. Like all of its kind, it lives almost constantly at
sea, and seeks during the breeding season some lonely rock, where it
deposits in some fissure or crevice its solitary egg.
The mode of life of the petrels corresponds but little with their
external beauty; they are in fact the crows of the ocean, and live upon
the dead animal substances floating on its surface. Wherever the carcase
of a whale, borne along by the current, covers the sea with a long stripe
of putrid oil, they are seen feasting in the polluted waters. All petrels
have the remarkable faculty of spouting oil of a very offensive smell,
from their nostrils when alarmed, and this apparently as a means of
defence.
The Albatross (_Diomedea exulans_) is the monarch of the high seas; the
picture of a hero, who, under every storm of adverse fortune, preserves
the immoveable constancy of an undaunted heart. Proud and majestic, he
swims along in his own native element, and without ever touching the
water with his pinions, rises with the rising billow, and falls with the
falling wave. It is truly wonderful how he bids defiance to the fury of
the unshackled elements, and how quietly he faces the gale. "He seems
quite at home," say the sailors; and indeed this expression is perfectly
characteristic of his graceful ease as he hovers over the agitated ocean.
[Illustration: Wandering Albatross.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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