The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present TimeHartwig, G. (Georg)
History
The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time
Hartwig, G. (Georg)
Animal behavior; Discoveries in geography; Discoveries in geography -- History; Marine animals; Marine plants; Ocean
The Plectognaths are mostly denizens of the warmer seas, but the
pig-faced trigger-fish of the Mediterranean (_Balistes capriscus_) has
been caught three times in the British waters since 1827, and the short
sun-fish or molebut, though occurring but occasionally, may be said to
have been taken from John o' Groat's to the Land's End. It grows to an
immense size, often attaining the diameter of four feet, sometimes even
double that size, and occasionally weighing from 300 to 500 pounds.
When observed in our seas, the sun-fishes have generally appeared as
though they were dead or dying, floating lazily along on one side and
making little or no attempt to escape. It is to be presumed that in more
congenial waters they evince a greater degree of liveliness.
The order of the Lophobranchii is in many respects too curious and
interesting to be passed over in silence. Here the gills, instead of
being as usual ranged like the teeth of a comb, are clustered into
small filamentous tufts placed by pairs along the branchial arches;
the face projects into a long tubular snout, having the mouth either
at its extremity, as in the Hippocampus and in the Pipe-fishes, or at
its base, as in the Pegasus of the Indian seas; and the body is covered
with shields or small plates, which often give it an angular form,
and encase it as it were in jointed armour. But the most interesting
feature of their economy is the pouches in which the males of the most
characteristic genera carry the eggs until they are hatched. In the
hippocampi this provision for the safety of the future generation, which
strongly reminds one of the kangaroo or the opossum, forms a perfect
sack, opening at its commencement only; in the pipe-fishes it is closed
along its whole length by two soft flaps folding over each other. Another
peculiarity of these interesting little fishes is the independent motion
of their eyes, the one glancing hither and thither while its fellow
remains motionless, or looks in different directions. This phenomenon of
_double_ vision, which was long supposed to be peculiar to the chameleon,
is, however, not confined to this singular reptile or to the hippocampi
and pipe-fishes, but has been found by Mr. Gosse to exist likewise in
the Little Weever (_Trachinus vipera_), in the Suckers (_Lepidogastri_),
a small family remarkable for the power they possess of attaching
themselves to stones or rocks by means of an adhesive disk on the under
surface of their bodies, and in several other fishes.
When imprisoned in an aquarium, few subjects of the deep display more
intelligence or afford more entertainment than the little _Hippocampus
brevirostris_, or Sea-Horse.
[Illustration: Sea-Horse.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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