The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present TimeHartwig, G. (Georg)
History
The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time
Hartwig, G. (Georg)
Animal behavior; Discoveries in geography; Discoveries in geography -- History; Marine animals; Marine plants; Ocean
The Myxine, Glutinous Hag, or Borer, bears a near resemblance to the
lamprey, but stands upon a much inferior degree of organisation, having
no eyes--(the sole example of blindness among fishes), and a still softer
skeleton, so that, when boiled, it almost entirely dissolves into mucus.
In the lamprey and myxine, the branchial cells, which admit water, are
lined by the delicate membrane through which the blood is aërated. In the
former, however, the external apertures of the branchial cells are placed
on the side of the neck; while in the myxine, which feeds on the internal
parts of its prey, and buries its head and part of its body in the
flesh, the openings of the respiratory organs are removed sufficiently
far back to admit of the respiration going on while the animal's head
is so inserted. Thus, even in this lowest and meanest of all vertebrate
animals, we find a remarkable adaptation of its construction to its
wants, and the proof that it has been as well taken care of by its
Creator as the highest organised creatures of its class.
[Illustration: Porcupine-Fish--(Diodon hystrix.)]
[Illustration: Globe-Fish.]
[Illustration: Short Sun-Fish.--(Orthagoriscus Mola.)]
[Illustration: Trunk-Fish.--(Ostracion triqueter.)]
[Illustration: File-Fish.--(Balistes erythropterus.)]
One of the most remarkable orders of fishes is that of the Plectognaths,
which are distinguished by having the superior maxillary bones and
the intermaxillaries soldered together so as to render the upper jaw
immovable, or incapable of projection. Among the Plectognaths, we
find among others the prickly Globe-fishes and sea-porcupines; the
curiously-shaped Sun-fishes, all head and no body; the Ostracions
or Trunk-fishes, clothed like the armadillos in a defensive coat of
mail, leaving only the tail, fins, mouth, and a small portion of the
gill-opening, capable of motion; and the gorgeous Balistæ or File-fishes,
which owe their family-name to the peculiar structure of their first
dorsal fin. The first and strongest spine of this organ is studded up
the front with numerous small projections, which, under the microscope,
look like so many points of enamel or pearl arising from the surface of
the bone and giving it the appearance of a file. The second smaller spine
has in the fore part of its base a projection which, when the spines are
elevated, locks into a corresponding notch in the posterior base of the
first spine, and fixes it like the trigger of a gun-lock; from which the
fish is called in Italy _pesce balestra_, or the cross-bow fish. The
strong spine cannot be forced down till the small one has been first
depressed and the catch disengaged.
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