The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present TimeHartwig, G. (Georg)
History
The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time
Hartwig, G. (Georg)
Animal behavior; Discoveries in geography; Discoveries in geography -- History; Marine animals; Marine plants; Ocean
The prehensile apparatus of the elegant little creature is no less
beautifully organised than its locomotive mechanism. It consists of two
long tentacles emerging from the under part of the body, and capable
of so wonderful a contraction as entirely to disappear within its
cavity, where they are lodged in tubular sheaths. On one side they are
provided at regular intervals with shorter and much thinner filaments,
which roll together spirally when the chief tentacle contracts, and
expand when it is stretched forth. On the secondary branches themselves
still more minute threads are said to have been observed. Words are
unable to express the beauty which the entire apparatus presents in the
living animal, or the marvellous ease with which it can be alternately
contracted, extended, and bent at an infinite variety of angles.
Most of the Ctenophora are spheroidal or ovate, but in Cestum elongation
takes place to an extraordinary extent, at right angles to the direction
of the digestive track, a flat ribbon-shaped body, three or four feet in
length, being the result. The Callianiræ are remarkable for having their
ciliated ribs elevated on prominent wing-like appendages, and the Beroës,
which have no tentacles, receive their nourishment through a widely
gaping mouth, whose size makes them amends for the deficiency of other
prehensile organs. Such are but a few of the varieties exhibited by the
beautiful and interesting Ctenophora.
In habit they resemble the oceanic Hydrozoa, like them swimming near
the surface in calm weather, and again descending on the approach of a
squall. Like them also, their delicate structures rapidly disappear when
removed from the sea-water and exposed to the rays of the sun, an almost
imperceptible film remaining the only trace of what was erewhile an
active and beautiful organism. Yet in spite of their aqueous consistence
the Ctenophora are very voracious, feeding on a number of floating marine
animals, among which their own kindred seem especially to be preferred.
The prey once swallowed is assimilated with a rapidity which to some may
seem strange when the simple structure of the digestive apparatus is
considered.
[Illustration: Various forms of Ctenophora.
_a. Cestram Veneris._ _b. Eurhamphæa vexilligera._ _c. Beroë
rufescens._ _d. Callianira triploptera._ _e. Pleurobrachia pileus._
(_a_ is considerably reduced; _b_ slightly so; _c_ and _e_ are about
the natural size; the size of _d_ is uncertain.)
]
The land has its flowers; they bloom in our gardens, they adorn our
meadows, they perfume the skirts of the forest, they brave the winds that
blow round the high mountain peaks, they conceal themselves in the clefts
of rocks, or spring forth out of ruins; wherever a plant can find room
there Flora appears with her lovely gifts.
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