Sea-urchins (/Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis/) seem to carpet some of them, having the appearance of mossy tufts. Beautiful pink and purple starfishes (/Asterias vulgaris/), brittle-stars (/Ophiopholis aculeata/), sea-cucumbers (/Pentacta frondosa/), sea-anemones, and crabs are abundant. If one lifts a stone the little crustaceans /Orchestia/ and /Gammarus/ will hurry away, and very likely an interesting worm or a nudibranch will be found. It is also most interesting to watch the barnacles, which are below the surface, reaching out their curled, feather-like feet in regular rhythmic grasping motions. The common mussels (/Mytillus edulis/), which in places blacken the shore, are beautiful under examination, and the silky network or byssus which forms the anchorage should be observed. The rocks are hung so plentifully with /Ascophyllum nodosum/ (rockweed) that its beauty is likely to be passed over unnoticed. On the /Ascophyllum/ is growing in tufts /Polysiphonia fastigiata/; other seaweeds, /Rhodymenia palmata/, /Chordaria flagelliformis/, /Desmarestia aculeata/, /Corallina officinalis/, and /Ceramium/, are so abundant that one forgets to value them at the moment. Higher up on the beach the rocks are spotted with papery sheets, which, floated out in water, prove to be the beautiful purple /Porphyra/. A fine, dark colored, hairy scum on the rocks is /Bangia fusco-purpurea/. Sometimes one finds here fronds of /Laminaria/ which have been washed ashore. Various green algæ are abundant. Even if not collecting, it is well to carry a small tin pail to the beach and float out pieces of the algæ in order to observe carefully, if but for a moment, the beautiful forms they have in their natural state. Watched for a few minutes in a pail of water animals disclose curious [pg044] and surprising forms and habits which are difficult to watch leaning over a pool. Most of the various species mentioned above are common along the whole shore, and may be looked for at almost any point where the water is free from contamination. At the sand-beach are found species which do not inhabit the rocky shore, as the sand-dollar (/Echinarachnius parma/), /Polynices/ (/Lunatia/) /heros/, /Mya arenaria/, and others. After a storm various deep-water forms are washed upon this beach. /Laminaria digitata/, six feet long, is found here sometimes under these circumstances. /Chordaria flagelliformis/, resembling long switches of hair, floats from the rocks near the shore. To the left, on the rock under the overhanging ledge, is a tide-pool which one would hesitate to deface by touching a single specimen. So crystal-clear is the water, so brilliant the /Hildenbrandtia/, so lovely the /Corallina/, that all seem placed there to excite admiration.