in France—Success and Profits—The Whitstable and other Beds—System pursued CHAPTER XII. THE OCEAN AND ITS LIVING WONDERS (_continued_). The Univalves—A Higher Scale of Animal—The 139 Gasteropoda—Limpets—Used for Basins in the Straits of Magellan—Spiral and Turret Shells—The Cowries—The Mitre Shells—The Purpuras—Tyrian Purple—The Whelk—The Marine Trumpet—The Winged‐feet Molluscs—The Cephalopodous Molluscs—The Nautilus—Relic of a Noble Family—The Pearly Nautilus and its Uses—The Cuttle‐fish—Michelet’s Comments—Hugo’s Actual Experiences—Gilliatt and his Combat—A Grand Description—The Devil‐Fish—The Cuttle‐Fish of Science—A Brute with Three Hearts—Actual Examples contrasted with the Kraken—A Monster nearly Captured—Indian Ink and Sepia—The Argonauta—The Paper Nautilus CHAPTER XIII. THE OCEAN AND ITS LIVING WONDERS (_continued_). The Crustaceans, a Crusty Set—Young Crabs and their 150 Peculiarities—Shells and no Shells—Powers of Renewal—The Biter Bit—Cocoa‐nut‐eating Crabs—Do Crabs like Boiling?—The Land Crab and his Migrations—Nigger Excitement—The King Crab—The Hut Crab—A True Yarn—The Hermit or Soldier Crab—Pugnaciousness—Crab War and Human War—Prolific Crustaceans—Raising Lobster‐pots—Technical Differences—How do Lobsters shed their Shells?—Fishermen’s Ideas—Habits of the Lobster—Its Fecundity—The Supply for Billingsgate—The Season—“Lobster Frolics” in British North America—Eel‐grass—Cray‐fish, Prawns, and Shrimps CHAPTER XIV. OCEAN LIFE—THE HARVEST OF THE SEA. Fishes and their Swimming Apparatus—The Bladder—Scientific 159 Classification—Cartilaginous Fish—The Torpedo—A Living Galvanic Battery—The Shark—His Love for Man in a Gastronomic Sense—Stories of their Prowess—Catching a Shark—Their Interference with Whaling—The Tiger‐Shark—African Worship of the Monster—The Dog‐ fish—The Sturgeon—Enormous Fecundity—Caviare—The Bony Fishes—The Flying Fish: its Feats; its Enemies—Youth of a Salmon—The Parr, the Smolt, and the Grilse—Flourishes in the See—The Ponds at Stormontfield—The Salmon’s Enemies—The Ettrick Shepherd—Canned Salmon, and where it comes from—The Fish a drug in N. W. America—Canoes impeded by them—The Fisheries of the Columbia River—The Fishing Season—Modes of Catching Salmon—The Factories and Processes employed CHAPTER XV. OCEAN LIFE—THE HARVEST OF THE SEA (_concluded_). The _Clupedæ_—The Herring—Its Cabalistic Marks—A Warning to 168 Royalty—The “Great Fishery”—Modes of Fishing—A Night with the Wick Fishermen—Suicidal Fish—The Value of Deep‐sea Fisheries—Report of the Commissioners—Fecundity of the Herring—No fear of Fish Famine—The Shad—The Sprat—The Cornish Pilchard Fisheries—The “Huer”—Raising the “Tuck”—A Grand Harvest—Gigantic Holibut—Newfoundland Cod Fisheries—Brutalities of Tunny Fishing—The Mackerel—Its Courage, and Love of Man—Garum Sauce—The formidable Sword‐fish—Fishing by Torchlight—Sword through a Ship’s side—General Remarks on Fish—Fish