Perhaps this is the commonest of the British spider crabs. Indeed, it
is so plentiful at Bognor, and at other places on the southern coast
of England, that when a crab pot is taken out of the water as many
as twenty or even thirty of these creatures are sometimes found in
it. They are called by the fishermen “sea-spiders,” and are generally
so clothed with those odd sea-weeds called “corallines” that you can
hardly see any part of their “shells” at all.
In this crab the carapace is drawn out in front into a very long beak
indeed, which has four horns upon it, and the whole upper surface is
covered with short, sharp spikes and stout hairs.
[Illustration: PLATE XXIV
1. THE LONG-BEAKED SPIDER CRAB.
2. THE FOUR-HORNED SPIDER CRAB.]
PLATE XXV
THE PEA CRAB (1)
This is a very odd crab indeed. In the first place it is extremely
small. Even when it reaches its full size it is scarcely ever so much
as half-an-inch across, while its body is so round that it really does
remind one very much of a pea. Only it is not quite the right colour
for a pea, for it is creamy yellow instead of green.
And, in the second place, this crab lives in a very odd place--namely,
inside the shells of living mussels, or pinnas, or even cockles! What
it does there nobody seems quite to know. It does not appear to injure
the animal to whom the shell belongs, although it is very fond of the
flesh of mussels, and if it finds one of those creatures lying dead
will certainly devour it. Perhaps it only creeps inside its shell for
the sake of safety. At any rate, it is a very timid little crab, and
if you open a mussel and find a pea crab lying hidden inside it, it
will tuck up all its legs quite close to its little round body and lie
perfectly still for several minutes in the hope that you will think
that it is dead.
On some parts of the coast pea crabs are so plentiful, that three out
of four mussels are found to have one of these odd little creatures
inside it.
PLATE XXV
CRAB CATERPILLARS (2 and 2 A)
I dare say you did not know that crabs have caterpillars, just as
insects have. We call these crab caterpillars “zoeas,” and they are
not in the least like their parents. There are a great many different
kinds, of course, for every crab has its own zoea, just as every
butterfly and moth has its own caterpillar, and some of them are not
very much like some of the others. But they are always very tiny
indeed--they are scarcely as large, in fact, as the smallest grains of
sand--and they always have a very long curved horn in front of the body
and another one behind, and long waggly tails. And they swim in the
oddest way possible--by turning somersaults in the water, over and over
again!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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