The old absolutely owned estate had come to be divided into three portions. One of these was pasture and arable land, reserved privately to the lord, and called _domain_: that is, lord's land. Another was in the occupation, and already almost in the possession (practically, though not legally), of those who had once been Slaves. A third was common land over which both the Lord and the Slave exercised each their various rights, which rights were minutely remembered and held sacred by custom. For instance, in a certain village, if there was beech pasture for three hundred swine, the lord might put in but fifty: two hundred and fifty were the rights of the "village." Upon the first of these portions, Domain, wealth was produced by the obedience of the Slave for certain fixed hours of labour. He must come so many days a week, or upon such and such occasions (all fixed and customary), to till the land of the Domain for his Lord, and _all_ the produce of this must be handed over to the Lord though, of course, a daily wage in kind was allowed, for the labourer must live. Upon the second portion, "Land in Villenage," which was nearly always the most of the arable and pasture land of the _Villae_, the Slaves worked by rules and customs which they gradually came to elaborate for themselves. They worked under an officer of their own, sometimes nominated, sometimes elected: nearly always, in practice, a man suitable to them and more or less of their choice; though this co-operative work upon the old Slave-ground was controlled by the general customs of the village, common to lord and slave alike, and the principal officer over both kinds of land was the Lord's Steward. Of the wealth so produced by the Slaves, a certain fixed portion (estimated originally in kind) was payable to the Lord's Bailiff, and became the property of the Lord. Finally, on the third division of the land, the "Waste," the "Wood," the "Heath," and certain common pastures, wealth was produced as elsewhere by the labour of those who had once been the Slaves, but divided in customary proportions between them and their master. Thus, such and such a water meadow would have grazing for so many oxen; the number was rigidly defined, and of that number so many would be the Lord's and so many the Villagers'. During the eighth, ninth and tenth centuries this system crystallised and became so natural in men's eyes that the original servile character of the working folk upon the Villa was forgotten.