The lamprey (_petromyzon lampetra_ L.) is the mustella of Ausonius, the exormiston of Cassiodorus, the γαλάξιας of Galen, the ἐχένηις of Oppian, and the βδέλλα of Strabo. See Bruyer, Nonnius, and Rondelet. It was reckoned unwholesome. The capros, or carp, is called by Archestratus “The flower of nectar.” (Athenæus Deipnos. vii.) It is the _cyprinus carpio_ L. The hake (_gadus merluccius_) is generally supposed to be the _gadus_ of Athenæus (vii); the _asellus_ of Ovid, Varro, and Pliny; and _oniscus_ of Marcellus Sideta. It was reckoned wholesome. The ancients do not appear to have been acquainted with the _gadus eglofinus_, or haddock. According to Willoughby, the Latin poet Ausonius is the only ancient author who has noticed the tench or _cyprinus tinca_. We are inclined, however, to think that it is the ψύλων of Aristotle (H. A. vi, 14), and the γναφεὺς of Athenæus (vii.) See Casaubon (l. c.), and Rondelet (de Piscibus.) We may mention here, although somewhat out of place, that neither the Greeks nor Romans would appear to have used the _frog_ as an article of food. SECT. XCI.—ON THE TESTACEA, OR SHELL-FISH. The testacea in general form a saltish and crude chyme; but of them the oysters have the softest flesh, and are most laxative. The chemæ, purpuræ, solenes, spondyli, buccinæ, cochleæ, and such like, are hard. And those covered with a soft shell (_crustacea_) such as the astaci, paguri, crabs, common lobsters, and those called squillæ, are of difficult digestion, nutritious, and bind the belly when often boiled in sweet water. The juices of all the testacea are laxative, and therefore from the land snails, although their flesh be hard, indigestible, nutritious, and contains bad juices, some make a sauce, with oil and pickle, which they use for opening the belly. The sea urchins (_echini_) are moderately cooling, contain little nourishment, and are diuretic. * * * * *