Rhases agrees with Hippocrates in stating, that pestilential fevers are distinguished by great heat internally, while the surface of the body is cool. The symptoms, as detailed by him, are vomiting and diarrhœa, pain and distension of the belly, coldness of the extremities, urine showing a tendency to putrefaction, discharge of blood from the nose, heat about the breast, singultus tendinum, blackness of the tongue, bulimia, &c. He particularly states that a black discharge from the bowels is a most fatal symptom. Like Avicenna, he gives directions to perform fumigations with camphor, musk, myrrh, bdellium, frankincense, and the like. He mentions that, during the prevalence of a certain pestilence, it was found that hunters escaped the contagion. Like Avicenna, he approves of bloodletting. See Continens (xxx.) He also recommends cold drink and the cold bath. Calefacients and wine, unless diluted with much cold water, he disapproves of. He, like the other Arabian authorities, joins Galen in speaking favorably of Armenian bole and the theriac. (Ad Mansor. iv, 25.) The belief that the plague is preceded by extraordinary phenomena in the earth and sky is very ancient. Thucydides concludes his brief account of the last attack of the plague on Athens with the remark, that at that time there were many earthquakes at Athens and other places. (iii, 87.) Manilius says such plagues as that of Athens are commonly prognosticated by comets and other celestial fires. Diodorus Siculus mentions that the Athenian plague was preceded by earthquakes of extraordinary severity. (xii, 59.) While explaining the symptoms and treatment of the plague, as detailed in the works of the ancient authors, we have purposely omitted to notice its contagious nature, as we wished to give one connected view of the ancient opinions regarding CONTAGION. Before entering upon this disquisition, we think it proper to acknowledge the assistance which we have derived from the writings of Fracastorius, Paulinus, Mead, Marx, Omodei, and Winterbottom, leaving it to the reader to determine, after comparing our humble attempt with their learned labours, whether or not our industry and research have contributed in anywise to throw additional light upon this important subject.