should get for food two or three hours before the paroxysm either the juice of chondrus, or bread out of water, along with the kernels of the pomegranate, or apples, or pears. But if great danger be anticipated, we must also give wine. Those who have sudden attacks of fainting are to be thus treated. And in all cases we are to find out the cause of the deliquium, and direct our attention to it. And sometimes the greatest care must be bestowed upon this symptom, which threatens danger, or death itself. * * * * * COMMENTARY. Nearly the same account of deliquium animi in fevers is given by Aëtius (v, 101 et seq.), and by Oribasius (de Morb. Curat. iii, 7.) But all these authors are, in fact, indebted to Galen. (Therap. ad Glauc. i.) Aëtius thus states the distinction between syncope and deliquium: “Deliquium makes its attack suddenly, depriving the person of sense and motion, but is not necessarily accompanied with sweats; but syncope seizes upon persons both when asleep and when awake, and is necessarily attended with sweats, called syncoptic.” Alexander delivers a full account of the subject; but his principles of treatment scarcely differ in any respect from those of Galen. (xii, 13.) Haly Abbas directs us, when the deliquium proceeds from a defluxion of humours upon the stomach, to apply ligatures to the extremities, to dash water on the face, to fan it, and to give vinegar and pepper. He recommends us to prevent sleep, which has a tendency to extinguish the powers of the primary viscera, by occasioning a determination inwardly. When it proceeds from dryness, he directs us to give wine, the decoction of quinces, of apples, and the like. If it happen at the commencement, he recommends a piece of bread soaked in wine to be given. (Pract. iii, 25.) The Arabians in general do not acknowledge the distinction between syncope and deliquium. See Averrhoes (Colliget. vii, 16); Serapion (vi, 19); Rhases (ad Mansor. x, 13.) Avicenna seems to point at the distinction, but it is not perceived by his translator. Rhases recommends the same treatment as Haly Abbas. He approves of hot wine, food of easy digestion, sprinkling of the face with cold water, and the application of ligatures to the extremities. (Contin. xxxi.) SECT. LXI.—ON THE TREATMENT OF ULCERATION UPON THE OS SACRUM. This affection occurs most frequently in protracted fevers, owing to the patients having been long confined to bed. When, therefore, the part begins to appear red, we make a circular piece of wool, of the proper magnitude, and lay it below the part, and afterwards prepare a rose or myrtle cerate, containing litharge or ceruse, and apply it. When there is inflammation, we may use a cataplasm of bread, with nightshade, or knot-grass, or plantain, or tender cabbage. But if the ulceration be spreading, we are to use a cataplasm of dried lentils, along with the inner rind of the pomegranate. * * * * *