When emaciation takes place in any part of the body, it is commonly occasioned by long-protracted rest, or by bandaging for fractures. We must, therefore, stimulate their vital powers, and attract the blood to them, by using moderate friction, suitable exercise, and by the affusion of warm water upon them in moderate quantity. This must be done until the part becomes red and swells, and we must desist before it subsides. We must also use pitching, as formerly described. When there is a sense of cold in the part, it ought to be rubbed with linen cloths, or some calefacient medicine. For this purpose, I have sometimes used the thapsia, rubbing it in either with honey or cerate. * * * * * COMMENTARY. This is taken from Oribasius (Synops. v, 42), or Aëtius (iv, 34). See also Galen (de Sanit. tuendâ, v); Rhases (Contin. xiii); Haly Abbas (Pract. i, 16); Avicenna (i, 3, 4.) All recommend water to be poured on the part, and then it is to be rubbed with towels and hot stimulant oils, so as to produce a redness and glow in it. Most of them also approve of the pitch plaster. SECT. LX.—THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE BEST TEMPERAMENT. That man is in the best temperament of body when it is in a medium between all extremes, of leanness and obesity, of softness and hardness, of heat and cold, of moisture and dryness; and, in a word, who has all the natural and vital energies in a faultless state. His hair, also, should be neither thick nor thin, and in colour neither black nor white. When a boy, his locks should be rather tawny than black, but, when an adult, the contrariwise. * * * * * COMMENTARY. This Section is copied from Oribasius (Synops. v, 43), or Aëtius (iv, 53). See also Galen (de Temperam., de Opt. Corp. Constit., de Sanit. tuendâ, v, and Ars Med.) In the last mentioned, which was long the most celebrated of all his admired works, he has treated of the temperaments very systematically. Whatever Oribasius, Paulus, or any subsequent author, whether Greek or Arabian, have delivered on this subject is altogether derived from the works of Galen. None of the Arabians has treated of the temperaments so learnedly as Haly Abbas. (Theor. i.) See also Averrhoes (Collig. vi); Alsaharavius (Theor. vi); Avicenna (Cant.) SECT. LXI.—DIAGNOSIS OF THE TEMPERAMENTS.