Hippolapathum, _Horse Burdock_, grows in marshes, being like the Burdock. * * * * * COMMENTARY. This article, which would seem to be the _Rumex Hydrolapathum_, is treated of in the same brief terms by the other authorities. See Dioscorides (i, 141.) Ἱππομάραθρον, Hippomarathrum, _Horse Fennel_; that variety which resembles the Cachrys is more desiccant than the common Fennel. It is, therefore, astringent, lithontriptic, and emmenagogue; but that species which has seed like coriander seed, is also like it in other respects, but weaker. * * * * * COMMENTARY. There is little doubt that the former species is the _Cachrys Sicula_. The other is undetermined. Our author copies closely from Dioscorides (iii, 76); and the others follow his example. The modern herbalists, in like manner, borrow from Dioscorides. See Parkinson (884.) Ἱπποπόταμος, Hippopotamus, _Sea-horse_; its testicle, when dried and drunk, is a remedy for the bites of reptiles. * * * * * COMMENTARY. This brief notice of the _Hippopotamus amphibius_, or Water-horse, is taken from Dioscorides (ii, 25.) Most of the other authorities have omitted it. Ἱπποσέλινον, Hipposelinum, _Horse Parsley_, has properties resembling those of parsley, but weaker. * * * * * COMMENTARY. It is the _Smyrnium Olusatrum_, according to Dierbach, Stackhouse, Sprengel, and all the best authorities. Dioscorides represents it to be emmenagogue and diuretic, and as proving beneficial in rigors. (iii, 71.) Galen and the others treat of it briefly like our author. The Arabians treat of it under Selinum (_Apium_.) Ἱππουρὶς, Hippouris, _Horse-tail_, has astringent qualities with bitterness, and on that account it is at the same time powerfully desiccant, without pungency. It is agglutinant, therefore, of the largest wounds, and is useful in intestinal hernia, and cures defluxions when drunk with wine. * * * * * COMMENTARY. The first species of Dioscorides corresponds to our author’s, and is marked as the _Equisetum Fluviatile_ by Sprengel, which is called in English the _Horse-tail_. The other is the _E. Limosum_. Apuleius recommends it in dysentery and spitting of blood. Aëtius recommends it in the same complaints. But both, in fact, only borrow from Dioscorides and Galen, especially the latter, who treats of it more fully than Dioscorides. The Arabians give exactly the same account of the Equisetum; indeed they profess to borrow everything from Dioscorides and Galen. See in particular Serapion (137), and Avicenna (ii, 2, 200.) Ἱπποφαὲς ἤ Ἱπποφαῖος, Hippophaes, used for scouring clothes. It is a branchy shrub, the root of which contains juices which are extracted like those of Thapsia. One obolus of the juice mixed with the flour of tares, purges phlegm and bile; and the whole plant, when dried, becomes purgative.