COMMENTARY. It appears certainly to be a species of _Lamium_, either the _album_ or the _maculatum_. See Parkinson (Theatre of Plants, 672) and Sprengel (Ad Dioscor.) Dioscorides commends it as an application to venomous animals, especially those of the sea. (iii, 103.) The other authorities treat of it in general terms, like our author, who copies almost word for word from Galen. Λευκοΐον, Viola alba, _Stock Gillyflower_; the whole plant is detergent and attenuating, especially its flowers, and those in particular which are drier, so that it promotes menstruation, kills and ejects the fœtus; and if their powers are blunted by a mixture with water, they will answer with inflammations, particularly those of the uterus. The roots being possessed of similar powers, are composed of more gross matter, and are more terrene. But with vinegar they relieve indurated phlegmons. * * * * * COMMENTARY. That the plant here described was stock, i. e. _Cheiranthus Cheiri_, is unquestionable. Dioscorides evidently included also another plant of the same order under this head, which, as stated by Sprengel, may probably be a variety of the _Matthiola incana_. He gives nearly the same account of its medicinal virtues as our author. Dioscorides says it kills the fœtus _in utero_ when applied on a pessary; and Galen and Aëtius ascribe the same powers to it when taken in a draught. By the Arabians it is obscurely treated of, their authorities in general seeming to confound it with the violet. See Rhases (Ad Mansor. iii, 21); Haly Abbas (Pract. ii, 37, 226); Ebn Baithar (i, 403.) The last of these does little more than copy from Galen and Dioscorides. It is not contained in the modern Greek Pharmacopœia. It is the _Viola lutea_ of our herbalist Gerard, and held a place in our Dispensatory as late as Quincy. Λέυκη, Populus alba, _the White Poplar_; the tree being composed of a watery, tepid, and terrene substance, has detergent properties. * * * * * COMMENTARY. There can be no doubt of its being the _Populus alba_, L. Dioscorides says of it, that its bark, when taken in a draught, cures sciatica and strangury; that it is said to prevent conception; and that it is a remedy for earache and other complaints. (i, 109.) Our author copies from Galen. The Arabians, under this head, are servile copyists from the Greeks. See Serapion (c. 30); Avicenna (ii, 2, 333); and Ebn Baithar (i, 340.) Λιβανωτὶς, Rosmarinus, _Rosemary_; there are three varieties of it, one of which is sterile, and the other two bear fruit. They are possessed of detergent, incisive, discutient, and emollient powers. The juice of them, with honey, cures dimness of sight occasioned by thick humours. A decoction of that variety, which is used for garlands, proves serviceable in jaundice. * * * * *