Transcriber’s Notes Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Variations in hyphenation and accents have been standardised but all other spelling and punctuation remains unchanged. The precise location of footnote 256 is speculative since it is not indicated in the original. Italics are represented thus _italic_. The Sexes in Science and History An Inquiry into the Dogma of Woman’s Inferiority to Man By Eliza Burt Gamble _A revised edition of “The Evolution of Woman”_ G. P. Putnam’s Sons New York and London The Knickerbocker Press 1916 COPYRIGHT, 1893 Under the title _The Evolution of Woman_, by G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS COPYRIGHT, 1916 for the revised edition, by G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS The Knickerbocker Press, New York PREFACE TO NEW EDITION This volume is a revised edition of _The Evolution of Woman_ published by G. P. Putnam’s Sons in 1894. In this later work much added evidence appears going to prove the correctness of the theory advanced in the former work. In it the subject of sex-development has been brought down to the present time and in this later investigation it is found that each and every fact connected with the biological and sociological development of the last twenty years is in strict accord not only with the facts set forth in _The Evolution of Woman_ but with the conclusions therein arrived at. In the concluding chapters of this volume the results of the separate development of the two diverging lines of sex demarcation are set forth. I have endeavoured to show that present conditions are the legitimate outcome of the ascendency gained during the later ages of human history by the egoistic or destructive agencies over the higher or constructive forces developed in human nature. E. B. G. PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION After a somewhat careful study of written history, and after an investigation extending over several years of all the accessible facts relative to extant tribes representing the various stages of human development, I had reached the conclusion, as early as the year 1882, that the female organism is in no wise inferior to that of the male. For some time, however, I was unable to find any detailed proof that could consistently be employed to substantiate the correctness of this hypothesis.