The Shakespeare-Expositor: An Aid to the Perfect Understanding of Shakespeare's PlaysKeightley, Thomas
General
The Shakespeare-Expositor: An Aid to the Perfect Understanding of Shakespeare's Plays
Keightley, Thomas
Drama -- Outlines, syllabi, etc.; Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Outlines, syllabi, etc.
As it is difficult to make any good sense here of 'can' alone, we
should perhaps read 'can _make_,' or 'can _give_,' making 'Genius' a
trisyllable, and the line of six feet.
* * * * *
"Or night kept chain'd below.--_'Tis_ fairly spoke."
* * * * *
"Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims."
'Banks' may be either the margins of streams or hillocks, or slight
elevations of land; but 'brims,' which can only be the edges or margins
of hollows, shows that it is the former that is meant. 'Pioned'
seems to be a word of Shakespeare's own creation; for, finding the
word _pioneer_ in common use, and _pyonings_--a word of Spenser's
coinage--in the Faerie Queen (ii. 10. 63) signifying defences, the work
of pioneers, he thought himself at liberty to form a verb _pion_. This
is generally taken to mean _dig_; and 'twilled' is supposed to be a
term transferred from cloth, etc., and signifying _ridged_; and so the
passage is made to mean dug, and laid out in ridges, which, however,
hardly accords with the context. Steevens, on the other hand, read
'pioned and _lilied_'; but neither the piony nor the lily can properly
be regarded as a wild flower (though the former is said to grow on the
Severn), and such only could be meant here. Others again for 'twilled'
read _tilled_, or give strange meanings to 'twilled.' My own opinion
is, that the sense which Shakespeare gave to his 'pioned' was fenced,
and that 'twilled' was a printer's error. We may observe that 'and
twilled' is pronounced _an twilled_, which differs very slightly in
sound from '_and willow'd_.' (See Introd. p. 52.) By reading, then,
"Thy banks with pioned and willow'd brims" we get most excellent sense,
the idea in the poet's mind being the bank of a stream, fenced, as it
were, and secured against overflow, with a range of willows along its
edge, and 'betrimmed,' _i.e._ adorned, with primroses, violets, and
other wild flowers; for "April showers bring forth May flowers." I have
not hesitated to make this correction in my Edition.
* * * * *
"To make cold nymphs chaste crowns."
In my Edition I have here transposed the adjectives (See on i. 1).
We are to take 'cold,' as so frequently, in the sense of cool, which
agrees well with flowers growing on the edge of a stream, while it
seems absurd to term them 'chaste.' 'Nymphs' is evidently maidens; for
if the Naiades were meant there would be an article.
* * * * *
"Summon'd me hither to this short-grass'd green."
This must be the right reading, as the folio has _gras'd_. Some would
read _graz'd_, which can hardly be right.
* * * * *
"And the broom groves
Whose shadow the dismissed bachelor loves."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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