The Greeks also called it _artemesia_ after the goddess Artemis,
or Diana, and made it a moon-plant. Very poetically, therefore,
Shakespeare alludes to it as "Dian's Bud,"--and most appropriately does
it appear in the moon-lit forest. Gerard, however, quaintly says that
is was named for Queen Artemesia, wife of Mausolus, King of Caria, who
built the Mausoleum, which was one of the "Seven Wonders of the World."
The ancients liked its flavor in their wine as many people still like
vermouth, one of its infusions.
In Shakespeare's time people hung up sprays of wormwood to drive away
moths and fleas; and there was a homely verse:
Whose chamber is swept and wormwood is thrown
No flea for his life dare abide to be known.
Wormwood was also kept in drawers and closets. To dream of the plant
was of good augury: happiness and domestic enjoyment were supposed to
result. Mugwort is another old name for the plant.
MONK'S-HOOD (_Aconitum Napellus_). This plant has three names:
monk's-hood, wolf's-bane, and aconite. Aconite is the "dram of poison"
that _Romeo_ calls for,[83] and Shakespeare alludes to _aconitum_ in
"King Henry IV," where the king, addressing _Thomas of Clarence_,
compares its strength and that of gunpowder. "Though it do work as
strong as aconitum or rash gunpowder."[84] Aconite was supposed in
Elizabethan days to be an antidote against the most deadly poison. Ben
Jonson in "Sejanus" makes one of his characters remark:
I have heard that aconite
Being timely taken hath a healing might
Against the scorpion's sting.[85]
Lord Bacon in "Sylva" calls _Napellus_ "the most powerful poison of all
vegetables."
[83] "Romeo and Juliet"; Act V, Scene I.
[84] Part II, Act IV, Scene IV.
[85] Act III, Scene III.
Yet despite its poisonous qualities, an English garden lover writes,
"the plant has always held, and deservedly, a place among the
ornamental plants of our gardens; its stately habit and its handsome
leaves and flowers make it a favorite."
The ancients, who were unacquainted with mineral poisons, regarded
aconite as the most deadly of all poisons and believed that Hecate had
caused the plant to spring from the venomous foam frothing from the
mouth of the three-headed dog, Cerberus, when Hercules took him from
Pluto's dark realm on one of his Twelve Labors. Ovid describes the
aconite as
A weed by sorcerers renowned
The strongest constitution to compound
Called aconite, because it can unlock
All bars and force its passage through a rock.
In Greece it was also known as Wolf's-bane (_Lycoctonum_), and it was
thought that arrow-heads rubbed with it would kill wolves. Turner
quaintly writes in his "Herbal" (1568):
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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