In every garden the arbor was conspicuous. Sometimes it was a handsome little pavilion or summer-house; sometimes it was set into the hedge; sometimes it was cut out of the hedge in fantastic topiary work; sometimes it was made of lattice work; and sometimes it was formed of upright or horizontal poles, over which roses, honeysuckle, or clematis (named also Lady's Bower because of this use) were trained. Whatever the framework was, plain or ornate, mattered but little; it was the creeper that counted, the trailing vines that gave character to the arbor, that gave delight to those who sought the arbor to rest during their stroll through the gardens, or to indulge in a pleasant chat, or delightful flirtation. Shakespeare's arbor for _Titania_ Quite over-canopied with luscious woodbine, With sweet musk-roses and with eglantine, was not unusual. Nor was that retreat where saucy _Beatrice_ was lured to hear the whisperings of _Hero_ regarding _Benedick's_ interest in her. It was a pavilion Where honeysuckles ripened by the sun Forbid the sun to enter. Luxuriant and delicious was this bower with the flowers hot and sweet in the bright sunshine. Eglantine was, perhaps, the favorite climber for arbors and bowers. Browne speaks of An arbor shadow'd with a vine Mixed with rosemary and with eglantine. Barnfield, in "The Affectionate Shepherd," pleads: I would make cabinets for thee, my love, Sweet-smelling arbors made of eglantine. And in Spenser's "Bower of Bliss": Art, striving to compare With Nature, did an arbor green dispread Framed of wanton ivy, flow'ring fair, Through which the fragrant eglantine did spread His prickling arms, entrayl'd with roses red, Which dainty odors round about them threw; And all within with flowers was garnished, That when Zephyrus amongst them blew Did breathe out bounteous smells and painted odors shew. A beautiful method of obtaining shady walks was to make a kind of continuous arbor or arcade of trees, trellises, and vines. This arcade was called poetically the "pleached alley."[6] For the trees, willows, limes (lindens), and maples were used, and the vines were eglantine and other roses, honeysuckle (woodbine), clematis, rosemary, and grapevines. [6] _Pleaching_ means trimming the small branches and foliage of trees, or bushes, to bring them to a regular shape. Certain trees only are submissive to this treatment--holly, box, yew privet, whitethorn, hornbeam, linden, etc., to make arbors, hedges, bowers, colonnades and all cut-work. "_Plashing_ is the half-cutting, or dividing of the quick growth almost to the outward bark and then laying it orderly in a slope manner as you see a cunning hedger lay a dead hedge and then with the smaller and more pliant branches to wreath and bind in the tops." Markham, "The County Farm" (London, 1616).