PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS THE LAY-OUT OF STATELY AND SMALL FORMAL GARDENS 269 I. The Stately Garden 271 II. The Small Garden 276 III. Soil and Seed 278 IV. The Gateway 280 V. The Garden House 281 VI. The Mount 282 VII. Rustic Arches 282 VIII. Seats 284 IX. Vases, Jars, and Tubs 284 X. Fountains 285 XI. The Dove-cote 287 XII. The Sun-dial 288 XIII. The Terrace 289 XIV. The Pleached Alley 292 XV. Hedges 293 XVI. Paths 294 XVII. Borders 295 XVIII. Edgings 297 XIX. Knots 298 XX. The Rock Garden 302 XXI. Flowers 302 XXII. Potpourri 324 A MASKE OF FLOWERS 325 COMPLETE LIST OF SHAKESPEAREAN FLOWERS WITH BOTANICAL IDENTIFICATIONS 331 APPENDIX 333 ELIZABETHAN GARDENS AT SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTHPLACE 333 INDEX 347 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Stratford-upon-Avon, New Place, Border of Annuals _Frontispiece_ FACING PAGE Fifteenth Century Garden within Castle Walls, French 8 Lovers in the Castle Garden, Fifteenth Century MS. 17 Garden of Delight, Romaunt of the Rose, Fifteenth Century 17 Babar's Garden of Fidelity 20 Italian Renaissance Garden, Villa Giusti, Verona 29 John Gerard, Lobel and Parkinson 32 Nicholas Leate 36 The Knot-Garden, New Place, Stratford-upon-Avon 45 Typical Garden of Shakespeare's Time, Crispin de Passe (1614) 56 Labyrinth, Vredeman de Vries 64 A Curious Knotted Garden, Crispin de Passe (1614) 64 The Knot-Garden, New Place, Stratford-upon-Avon 72