We happen to know, also, that Mr. Shakespeare rewrote for the stage what
his unknown poet, poets, or friends composed, from the tolerable hearsay
testimony of his fellow {032}actor, Ben Jonson, who tells us that he
remembers to have heard the players say that the stage copies of the
plays were written in Shakespeare's autograph, and were all the more
available on that account, because he (Shakespeare), was a good penman,
in that "whatever he penned, he never blotted line." * Mr. Boucicault,
while claiming the full credit to which he is entitled, is quite too
clever, as well as too conscientious to set up for an original author
or a poet, as well as a playwright. Neither does Shakespeare (as we have
already said), anywhere appear to have ever claimed to be a poet, or
even to have taken to himself--what we may, however, venture to ascribe
to him--the merit of the stage-setting of the dramatic works,
which, having been played at his theater, we collectively call the
"Shakespearean plays" to-day. Why, then, to begin with, should we not
conceive of Mr. Manager Shakespeare discharging the same duties as
Mr. Wal-lack, Mr. Daly, or Mr. Boucicault? as very much--from the
necessities of his vocation--the same sort of man as either of them?
* Post, part III, the Jonsonian Testimony.
There is scarcely any evidence either way; but the fact that the actors
were in the habit of receiving their fair copy of these plays from the
manager's--William Shakespeare's--own hand, seems to make it evident
that he did not originally compose them. Indeed, if Shakespeare had
been their author, well-to-do and bustling manager as he was, he would
probably have intrusted their transcription to some subordinate
or supernumerary; or, better yet, would have kept a playwright of
experience to set his compositions for the {033}stage, to put in the
necessary localisms, "gags," and allusions to catch the ear of the penny
seats. Such a division of labor is imperative to-day, and was imperative
then--or at least to suppose that it was not, is to suppose that of his
dozen or so of co-managers, William Shakespeare was the one who did all
the work, while the others looked on.
But, it is surmised that Shakespeare was his own playwright; took
the dramas and rewrote them for the actors; he inserted the requisite
business, the exits, and entrances, and--when necessary--suited the
reading to the actor who was to pronounce the dialogue, according as he
happened to be fat or lean. *
* It may be noted that the line, "He's fat and scant of
breath," does not occur in the early and imperfect edition
of "Hamlet" of 1603. Was it added to suit Burbadge? And was
there a further change made also to suit Mr. Burbadge, the
leading tragedian of the time? In the edition of 1603, the
grave-digger says of Yorick's skull:
Looke you, here's a skull hath bin here this dozen year,
Let me see, ever since our last King Hamlet
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