In Egil, as in Highland Chieftain, there is also evidence of arrested growth in the facial part of the skull; the profile is concave and the frontal index high (65) as in Highland Chieftain. Having seen that, apart from the face, the only essential difference between the skeleton of an unimproved Shetland and the skeleton of an Exmoor pony is a difference in size, let us next direct attention to the skeleton of Eric, a 36·5-inch improved pedigree pony of the riding type, for some time in the possession of Mr Charles M. Douglas of Auchlochan. In Eric, who died when six years old, the fore limb from the elbow to the ground was 22 inches, the length from the point of the hock to the ground 15·4 inches, the circumference below the knee 5·25 inches, and the width of the fore-shank 1·2 inches. All four ergots were present, but the hind chestnuts were absent. Though the setting-on of the tail, the somewhat rounded hindquarters and the presence of ergots, indicated that Eric, like practically all modern Shelties, included horses of the “forest” type amongst his ancestors, his skull, teeth, and limbs made it evident that he mainly belonged to the Celtic or riding type. In Eric the face (fig. 6) is so short that the frontal index is 67, the length being only 1·4 times the width instead of 1·8 as in 12-hands ponies of the riding type. The length of Eric’s head when alive was 410 mm. (16¼ inches). A typical Celtic pony with a 410 mm. head measures 40 inches at the withers. Eric, though having the head of at least a 40-inch pony, only measured 36·5 inches. It may hence be assumed that, through dwarfing, his total height was reduced by 3·5 inches. Further, as Eric’s metacarpal (fig. 9_a_), instead of measuring 166 mm. (the normal length in a 40-inch pony), had only a length of 143 mm., it follows that practically one inch of the dwarfing was due to a reduction in the length of the cannon-bones. Moreover, as Eric actually measured 36·5 inches, his metacarpals should have measured 152 mm. instead of 143 mm.—143 mm. being the length in a normal pony measuring 34 inches at the withers. Though Eric had the head and trunk of a 40-inch pony and the metacarpals of a 34-inch pony, the metacarpals bear the same relation to the radius and the humerus as in Persimmon—_i.e._, in Eric the relative lengths of the different parts of the limb were maintained (not lost, as in the dachshund) during the dwarfing process. Although the cannon-bones in Eric had been considerably reduced in length, they had not been reduced in width—_i.e._, they are as wide as the metacarpals of the 40-inch Shetland pony Egil, in which the limbs closely conform to the Celtic type. It thus appears that, in the case of ponies, reduction in height at the withers, and especially in the length below the knee, is not necessarily accompanied by loss of “bone.”